本書(shū)從煙草制品監(jiān)管的基礎(chǔ)、煙草產(chǎn)品法規(guī)國(guó)際指南、監(jiān)管需求和能力的評(píng)估、執(zhí)行監(jiān)管前的考慮因素、實(shí)施中以及潛在的挑戰(zhàn)、新奇、新出的和改進(jìn)的煙草或相關(guān)產(chǎn)品和煙草制品相關(guān)信息的測(cè)試和披露等多方面進(jìn)行了深入的闡述。并進(jìn)行了相關(guān)的案例研究。
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目錄
前言 1
致謝 3
縮略語(yǔ)表 5
第1章 煙草制品管制基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) 7
1.1 什么是煙草制品管制？ 7
1.2 影響煙草制品使用及危害的因素是什么？ 10
1.3 煙草制品管制如何促進(jìn)公眾健康？ 14
1.4 現(xiàn)有和新興的煙草及相關(guān)產(chǎn)品管制方法有哪些？ 16
第2章 煙草制品管制國(guó)際指南 23
2.1 世界衛(wèi)生組織對(duì)煙草制品管制的指導(dǎo)原則是什么？ 24
2.2 國(guó)際貿(mào)易法是否限制煙草制品管制？ 26
2.3 在煙草制品管制方面有哪些不同國(guó)家的經(jīng)驗(yàn)？ 30
第3章 監(jiān)管需求和監(jiān)管能力評(píng)估 33
3.1 現(xiàn)狀如何？評(píng)估資源和能力 34
3.2 需要什么？確定監(jiān)管的優(yōu)先次序 35
案例1 印度——支持現(xiàn)有立法卻能力有限的挑戰(zhàn) 37
3.3 可能方案？收集和評(píng)估證據(jù) 39
3.4 該怎么辦？做出管制的決定 41
案例2 布基納法索——在低收入國(guó)家發(fā)展產(chǎn)品監(jiān)管和測(cè)試的能力 42
第4章 實(shí)施監(jiān)管前的考慮因素 45
4.1 是否收集了相關(guān)信息？ 46
案例3 智利——對(duì)含薄荷醇產(chǎn)品的禁令被推翻 48
4.2 監(jiān)管文本中包含哪些內(nèi)容？ 49
4.3 選擇的措施是否實(shí)用？ 51
4.4 如何得知管制已經(jīng)奏效？ 53
案例4 加拿大——煙草行業(yè)規(guī)避香料禁令的實(shí)施 54
第5章 實(shí)施與潛在挑戰(zhàn) 56
5.1 煙草制品管制的實(shí)施是怎樣的？ 56
案例5 歐盟——28 個(gè)成員國(guó)關(guān)于煙草制品香料的立法 61
5.2 可能面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是什么？ 63
案例6 巴西——煙草行業(yè)反對(duì)者推遲了禁令的實(shí)施，但最終還是失敗了 65
5.3 實(shí)施后的潛在結(jié)果是什么？ 66
5.4 如何回應(yīng)意料之外的結(jié)果？ 67
案例7 歐盟——焦油、煙堿和一氧化碳的含量信息 68
第6章 新型和改良煙草制品及相關(guān)產(chǎn)品 69
6.1 什么是新型和改良煙草制品及相關(guān)產(chǎn)品？ 70
案例8 美國(guó)——不同類別產(chǎn)品的授權(quán)制度 72
6.2 如何識(shí)別市場(chǎng)上的新型和改良煙草制品及相關(guān)產(chǎn)品？ 72
6.3 如何評(píng)價(jià)新型煙草制品及相關(guān)產(chǎn)品和“低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”產(chǎn)品？ 74
6.4 如何對(duì)新型和改良煙草制品及相關(guān)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行管制？ 77
案例9 德國(guó)——通過(guò)闡明薄荷膠囊增加產(chǎn)品的吸引力來(lái)成功禁止薄荷膠囊 81
第7章 測(cè)試與披露 82
7.1 什么是煙草制品測(cè)試？ 82
7.2 為什么煙草制品測(cè)試很重要？ 87
7.3 如何向公眾披露產(chǎn)品信息？ 89
7.4 需要什么資源來(lái)支持煙草制品測(cè)試？ 89
參考文獻(xiàn) 91
附錄 歐盟煙草制品指令（TPD2）的規(guī)定 106
Contents
Preface 113
Acknowledgements 117
Acronyms used in this publication 119
Chapter 1. The Basics of Tobacco Product Regulation 121
1.1 What is tobacco product regulation? 122
1.2 What product factors are determinants of tobacco use and harm? 125
1.3 How can tobacco product regulation improve public health? 130
1.4 What are existing and emerging approaches to regulating TRP? 132
Chapter 2. International Guidance on Tobacco Product Regulation 141
2.1 What is WHO’s guidance on regulating tobacco products? 142
2.2 Does international trade law place limits on tobacco product regulation? 145
2.3 What are different country experiences in regulating tobacco products? 150
Chapter 3. First Steps: Assessing Regulatory Needs and Capacity 154
3.1 Where are you now? Assessing resources and capacity 155
3.2 What do you need? Identifying priorities for regulation 157
Case study 1: India—Challenges to supporting existing legislation due to limited capacity 159
3.3 What is possible? Gathering and evaluating evidence 161
3.4 What should you do? Making the decision to regulate 164
Case study 2: Burkina Faso—Developing capacity for product regulation and testing in a low-income country (LIC) 166
Chapter 4. Regulatory Considerations in Advance of Implementation 169
4.1 Have you gathered the relevant information? 170
Case Study 3: Chile—Ban on menthol products is struck down 174
4.2 What will you include in the regulatory text? 174
4.3 Is the measure you have chosen practical? 178
4.4 How will you know if the regulation has done its job? 179
Case study 4: Canada—Implementation of a ban on flavours circumvented by the tobacco industry 181
Chapter 5. Implementation and Potential Challenges 183
5.1 What does implementation of tobacco product regulation look like? 183
Case study 5: European Union—Legislation on tobacco product flavours for 28 countries 190
5.2 What are the challenges you may face? 192
Case study 6: Brazil—Industry opposition delayed implementation of a ban on flavours but was ultimately unsuccessful 194
5.3 What are potential outcomes following implementation? 196
5.4 How do you respond to unanticipated outcomes? 197
Case study 7: European Union—Information on TNCO-levels 198
Chapter 6. Novel, New and Modified Tobacco or Related Products 200
6.1 What are novel, new or modified TRPs? 201
Case study 8: USA—authorization regimes for different product categories 204
6.2 How do you identify novel, new or modified TRPs in your market? 205
6.3 How do you evaluate novel TRPs and “reduced risk” products? 207
6.4 How do you regulate novel, new and modified TRPs? 210
Case study 9: Germany—Successful ban on menthol capsules by demonstrating that capsules increase product attractiveness 216
Chapter 7. Testing and Disclosure 218
7.1 What is tobacco product testing? 219
7.2 Why is it important to test tobacco products? 224
7.3 How should tobacco product information be reported to the public? 226
7.4 What resources do you need to support tobacco product testing? 227
References 229
Annex 1. Provisions of the EU Tobacco Products Directive (TPD2) 240
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