序
前言

1 概述 ······························································································· 1
1.1 我國生活垃圾產(chǎn)生及處理現(xiàn)狀 ································································· 1
1.1.1 生活垃圾的產(chǎn)生及性質(zhì) ··································································· 1
1.1.2 生活垃圾的處理現(xiàn)狀 ······································································ 5
1.2 生活垃圾焚燒技術(shù)發(fā)展及難點 ································································· 9
1.2.1 垃圾焚燒大型化及蒸汽高參數(shù)化發(fā)展 ················································· 9
1.2.2 鍋爐長周期安全穩(wěn)定運行的需求凸顯 ················································ 15
參考文獻 ································································································· 19
2 垃圾焚燒鍋爐高溫腐蝕現(xiàn)狀與理論 ······················································· 21
2.1 背景及意義 ························································································ 21
2.1.1 垃圾焚燒鍋爐受熱面爆管現(xiàn)狀 ························································· 21
2.1.2 垃圾焚燒鍋爐的高溫腐蝕問題 ························································· 24
2.1.3 垃圾焚燒鍋爐高溫防腐的迫切性 ······················································ 25
2.2 垃圾焚燒鍋爐高溫腐蝕類型 ·································································· 26
2.2.1 含氯氣體引起的腐蝕 ····································································· 26
2.2.2 固態(tài)堿金屬氯化物引起的腐蝕 ························································· 26
2.2.3 熔融態(tài)堿金屬氯化物引起的腐蝕 ······················································ 27
2.3 垃圾焚燒鍋爐高溫腐蝕產(chǎn)物 ·································································· 28
2.3.1 垃圾焚燒鍋爐管壁的腐蝕產(chǎn)物 ························································· 28
2.3.2 氯化腐蝕的基本過程 ····································································· 30
2.4 垃圾焚燒鍋爐高溫腐蝕機理 ·································································· 31 2.4.1 高溫腐蝕的規(guī)律 ···········································································31
2.4.2 高溫氯腐蝕微觀過程 ·····································································32
2.4.3 高溫腐蝕的影響因素 ·····································································33
2.5 高溫腐蝕速度規(guī)律 ··············································································· 36
2.5.1 腐蝕速度與管壁溫度間的關(guān)系 ·························································36
2.5.2 腐蝕速度的主要影響因素 ·······························································40
2.5.3 高溫腐蝕速率小結(jié) ········································································46
參考文獻 ·································································································· 48
3 垃圾焚燒鍋爐防腐涂層技術(shù)與發(fā)展 ······················································ 50
3.1 垃圾焚燒鍋爐管基材 ············································································ 51
3.2 基于制備工藝的防腐涂層體系 ································································ 54
3.2.1 熱噴涂技術(shù) ·················································································55
3.2.2 堆焊技術(shù) ····················································································64
3.2.3 感應(yīng)熔焊技術(shù) ··············································································67
3.2.4 滲鋁涂層技術(shù) ··············································································70
3.2.5 納米陶瓷涂層技術(shù) ········································································72
3.2.6 激光熔覆涂層技術(shù) ········································································74
3.3 涂層材料體系設(shè)計及其協(xié)同發(fā)展 ····························································· 76
3.3.1 合金材料體系 ··············································································77
3.3.2 金屬陶瓷材料體系 ········································································77
3.3.3 涂層工藝與材料的協(xié)同發(fā)展 ····························································77
參考文獻 ·································································································· 79
4 垃圾焚燒鍋爐防腐涂層的材料體系及特性 ············································· 85
4.1 高溫防腐合金 ····················································································· 85
4.1.1 鎳基高溫耐蝕合金 ········································································85
4.1.2 Ni
?
Cr 型耐蝕合金 ········································································88
4.1.3 Ni
?
Mo 型耐蝕合金 ······································································88
4.1.4 Ni
?
Cr
?
Mo 系耐蝕合金 ·································································89
4.2 Ni
?
Crx
?
Mo 系高溫耐蝕合金涂層 ·························································· 89
4.2.1 Ni
?
Crx
?
Mo 系高溫耐蝕合金涂層制備 ·············································89
4.2.2 Ni
?
Crx
?
Mo 系耐蝕合金涂層顯微硬度分析 ·······································91
4.2.3 Ni
?
Crx
?
Mo 系耐蝕合金涂層顯微組織分析 ·······································91
4.2.4 Ni
?
Crx
?
Mo 系高溫耐蝕合金涂層電化學(xué)測試分析 ······························98 4.3 Ni
?
Cr
?
Mox 系高溫耐蝕合金涂層 ·························································101
4.3.1 Ni
?
Cr
?
Mox 系高溫耐蝕合金涂層制備 ··········································· 101
4.3.2 Ni
?
Cr
?
Mox 系高溫耐蝕合金涂層組織 ··········································· 102
4.3.3 Ni
?
Cr
?
Mox 系高溫耐蝕合金浸泡腐蝕性能 ····································· 104
參考文獻 ································································································ 114
5 垃圾焚燒鍋爐防腐涂層的高溫腐蝕特性 ··············································· 117
5.1 Ni
?
Cr
?
Mo 系合金涂層的高溫氯腐蝕特性 ·············································· 117
5.1.1 Ni
?
Cr
?
Mo 系合金涂層高溫腐蝕試驗設(shè)計 ······································· 117
5.1.2 高溫堿金屬氯化物熔鹽腐蝕實驗 ···················································· 118
5.1.3 TP347H 不銹鋼的高溫氯腐蝕 ······················································· 121
5.1.4 Ni
?
Cr
?
Mo 系鎳基合金的高溫氯腐蝕 ············································· 127
5.1.5 Ni
?
Cr
?
Mo 系鎳基合金涂層的高溫氯腐蝕 ······································· 132
5.1.6 Ni
?
Cr
?
Mo 系鎳基合金涂層的高溫腐蝕機理 ···································· 137
5.1.7 Ni
?
Cr
?
Mo 系合金涂層的高溫氯腐蝕特性總結(jié) ································· 140
5.2 高 Mo/W 系 Ni
?
Cr
?
Mo 合金涂層的高溫氯/硫腐蝕特性 ·····························141
5.2.1 高 Mo/W 系 Ni
?
Cr
?
Mo 合金涂層的制備 ········································ 141
5.2.2 高溫氯硫?qū)嶒炦^程 ······································································ 142
5.2.3 TP347H 不銹鋼的高溫氯硫腐蝕 ····················································· 144
5.2.4 NiCr17Mo 合金涂層的高溫氯硫腐蝕特性 ········································· 150
5.2.5 NiCrMo10W 系合金涂層的高溫氯硫腐蝕特性 ··································· 156
5.2.6 高 Mo/W 系 Ni
?
Cr
?
Mo 合金涂層的高溫氯硫腐蝕機理 ······················· 162
5.2.7 高 Mo/W 系 Ni
?
Cr
?
Mo 合金涂層的高溫氯硫腐蝕特性總結(jié) ················· 166
參考文獻 ································································································167
6 垃圾焚燒余熱鍋爐受熱面重熔涂層技術(shù)研究 ········································· 172
6.1 二次重熔技術(shù) ····················································································172
6.1.1 應(yīng)用背景 ···················································································· 172
6.1.2 國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 ··········································································· 173
6.2 耐垃圾焚燒煙氣重熔涂層的制備工藝 ·····················································175
6.2.1 實驗材料 ···················································································· 176
6.2.2 熱噴涂層的制備 ··········································································· 176
6.2.3 涂層的二次重熔 ··········································································· 177
6.3 重熔涂層的實驗方法 ···········································································180
6.3.1 測試方法 ···················································································· 180 6.3.2 物相分析 ··················································································· 182
6.4 重熔涂層的顯微組織與元素分布 ··························································· 185
6.4.1 火焰噴涂 ··················································································· 185
6.4.2 火焰重熔 ··················································································· 187
6.4.3 激光重熔 ··················································································· 194
6.4.4 感應(yīng)重熔 ··················································································· 197
6.4.5 小結(jié) ························································································· 201
6.5 重熔涂層的顯微硬度 ·········································································· 202
6.5.1 火焰重熔層的顯微硬度 ································································· 202
6.5.2 激光重熔層的顯微硬度 ································································· 203
6.5.3 感應(yīng)重熔層的顯微硬度 ································································· 203
6.6 重熔涂層的高溫腐蝕特性 ···································································· 204
6.7 二次重熔工藝對比 ············································································· 210
6.8 感應(yīng)重熔涂層的工程應(yīng)用 ···································································· 212
參考文獻 ································································································ 216
7 垃圾焚燒鍋爐的防腐優(yōu)化設(shè)計及應(yīng)用 ·················································· 219
7.1 高參數(shù)余熱鍋爐防腐設(shè)計現(xiàn)狀及趨勢 ····················································· 219
7.1.1 主蒸汽參數(shù)對防腐設(shè)計的影響 ························································ 219
7.1.2 綜合經(jīng)濟效益分析 ······································································· 226
7.2 典型垃圾焚燒鍋爐防腐工程應(yīng)用案例及分析 ············································ 228
7.2.1 我國南部某垃圾焚燒發(fā)電項目 ························································ 228
7.2.2 我國北部某垃圾焚燒發(fā)電項目 ························································ 257
參考文獻 ································································································ 273
后記 ································································································· 276