第一章　CO2、碳基生命與氣候循環(huán)
第一節(jié)　CO2濃度與植物的發(fā)展 2
一、原核生物的光合作用與氧氣的產(chǎn)生 2
二、海洋生物發(fā)展階段的地球環(huán)境 4
三、陸生植物繁衍階段的CO2濃度 5
四、CO2濃度的波動降低與聚煤作用的逐漸減弱 7
第二節(jié)　地球植物與氣候的關(guān)系 13
一、氣候及碳循環(huán)模型的建立 13
二、溫室效應(yīng)與地球生態(tài) 16
三、太陽活動對地球生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響 18
四、光合作用在儲能和平抑太陽能方面的作用 20
第三節(jié)　從太原石炭二疊系地質(zhì)剖面看地球的氣候周期 25
一、石炭紀(jì)陸地生物大爆發(fā) 26
二、石炭紀(jì)森林崩潰 27
三、二疊紀(jì)冰期 28
四、二疊紀(jì)生物大滅絕 29
五、二疊紀(jì)末期與三疊紀(jì)早期的赤地千里 29
第四節(jié)　從地球歷史的角度看今天的氣候變化 31
一、人類時代在地球氣候循環(huán)過程中的階段分析 31
二、第四紀(jì)黃土的形成與后冰期時代 33
三、地球氣候正進(jìn)入溫暖期 35
四、變暖、變濕、CO2上升一個新的環(huán)境正在形成 36
第二章　只要太陽依然存在，地球能源永不枯竭
第一節(jié)　太陽與地球的太陽能 46
一、太陽質(zhì)量與核反應(yīng)能量 46
二、太陽的年齡與壽命 47
三、進(jìn)入地球的太陽能量與分布 48
四、進(jìn)入地球的太陽能的儲存與保留狀況 51
第二節(jié)　化石能源是地球歷史上太陽能的儲備 52
一、所有的化石能源均來源于光合作用 52
二、生物發(fā)展過程伴隨化石能源的形成過程 53
三、不同的生物環(huán)境形成了不同的化石能源品種 55
四、生物掩埋過程與化石能源的形成 57
第三節(jié)　可再生能源是太陽和太陽能作用的結(jié)果 60
一、關(guān)于地球能源的分類與評價 60
二、風(fēng)能與大氣環(huán)流 61
三、水能與水循環(huán) 62
四、淺層地?zé)崮?63
五、潮汐能 64
六、光伏能與生物質(zhì)能 65
第四節(jié)　光合作用是收集、儲存太陽能的最佳途徑 65
一、生物能源發(fā)電與太陽能發(fā)電的比較 66
二、生物能源發(fā)電與風(fēng)能發(fā)電的比較 69
三、生物能源與水能的比較 71
四、生物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)與化石能源再開采的經(jīng)濟(jì)比較 72
第三章　巖石圈、生物圈和大氣圈的碳平衡
第一節(jié)　巖石圈、生物圈、大氣圈的碳總量及循環(huán)模式 78
一、巖石圈、生物圈與大氣圈的碳總量 78
二、巖石圈與大氣圈的碳循環(huán)模式 79
三、生物圈與大氣圈的碳循環(huán)模式 80
四、碳循環(huán)與新一輪生態(tài)發(fā)展的開始 83
第二節(jié)　在地球碳循環(huán)過程中找到一個新的平衡點 84
一、地質(zhì)歷史上新生代及當(dāng)代碳循環(huán)模型的建立 84
二、無碳排放政策干預(yù)條件下的情景分析 86
三、滿足《聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》下的情景分析 86
四、本模型下新的平衡點 87
第三節(jié)　地球大氣的碳平衡 88
一、化石能源的燃燒CO2的正調(diào)節(jié)機制 88
二、生物質(zhì)與農(nóng)業(yè)能源CO2的負(fù)調(diào)節(jié)機制 89
三、碳平衡的調(diào)節(jié)與生態(tài)環(huán)境的優(yōu)化 89
第四章　生物技術(shù)的突破與生物能源主導(dǎo)未來
第一節(jié)　基因工程技術(shù)發(fā)展與光合作用效率的提高 94
一、通過改變C3與C4植物的基因提高光合作用效率 95
二、通過延緩葉片衰老來提高光合作用效率 98
三、通過提高氮素利用率進(jìn)而提高光合作用效率 98
四、通過修飾植株株型提高光合作用效率 99
五、通過提高水分利用率提高光合作用效率 100
第二節(jié)　生物能源原料的改良與發(fā)展 101
一、對淀粉和糖類作物的改良 101
二、對纖維素類植物的改良 102
三、對油脂類能源植物的改良 105
四、對藻類能源植物的改良 107
第三節(jié)　當(dāng)生物質(zhì)主導(dǎo)人類能源需求時 110
一、生物能源替代化石能源的必然性 110
二、光合速率與最佳CO2濃度 112
三、滿足人類能量消耗的生物質(zhì)再生能力評估 113
四、綠色地球與人類生存環(huán)境的根本改善 118
第五章　化石能源與生物能源的互補性
第一節(jié)　化石能源是生物能源發(fā)展的必要支持 124
一、化石能源改變了人類的生存方式 124
二、化石能源釋放了深埋地下的碳元素 129
三、生物能源成為主導(dǎo)能源尚需一個發(fā)展過程 130
四、化石能源為生物能源應(yīng)用提供了基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施與保障 133
第二節(jié)　化石能源與過渡期的能源保障 134
一、各種化石能源的探明儲量與生產(chǎn)情況 134
二、煤炭是可持續(xù)發(fā)揮作用的化石能源 138
第三節(jié)　化石能源與清潔技術(shù)的推廣 140
一、化石能源規(guī)模化應(yīng)用尚有空間與時間 140
二、化石能源應(yīng)用的最大阻礙是污染問題 141
三、化石能源清潔應(yīng)用技術(shù)的發(fā)展 143
四、提前布局生物能源農(nóng)業(yè)，全面推動生物質(zhì)碳匯工程 147
第四節(jié)　煤炭的未來精準(zhǔn)應(yīng)用與焦化干餾 148
一、煤炭將進(jìn)入輔助能源和原料時代 148
二、煤的研究不斷深入，焦化干餾已擴展到除褐煤外的所有煤種 149
三、焦化干餾產(chǎn)品的多樣化 155
四、焦化干餾產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈發(fā)展的新趨勢 156
五、生物質(zhì)燃料油焦化廠的設(shè)想 159
第六章　蓄勢待發(fā)的生物能源產(chǎn)業(yè)
第一節(jié)　碳環(huán)境驅(qū)動下的能源農(nóng)業(yè) 164
一、農(nóng)業(yè)與生物能源的概念 164
二、生物質(zhì)的基本成分與結(jié)構(gòu) 165
三、決定生物能源未來的關(guān)鍵CO2、陽光和降水 167
四、貧碳環(huán)境下的農(nóng)業(yè)與可耕種土地 168
五、富碳環(huán)境下的能源農(nóng)業(yè) 169
六、能源農(nóng)業(yè)的產(chǎn)品分類 173
第二節(jié)　再生速度大于開采速度瑞典的林業(yè)生物能源 180
一、堅定的政策支持推動瑞典生物能源產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展 180
二、森林資源在利用中才能得到保護(hù)和增長 181
三、生物質(zhì)顆粒燃料產(chǎn)業(yè)大放異彩 183
第三節(jié)　生物燃料大于化石燃料巴西生物液體燃料的發(fā)展 184
一、巴西生物乙醇燃料的推廣 185
二、政府對生物柴油產(chǎn)業(yè)的支持 187
三、生產(chǎn)生物燃料的原料與成本 188
四、巴西生物能源的展望 190
第四節(jié)　可再生的天然氣持續(xù)快速發(fā)展的德國沼氣工業(yè) 191
一、德國沼氣產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展 192
二、沼氣提純替代天然氣技術(shù)先進(jìn) 193
三、德國沼氣工程的特色 195
四、專用能源作物產(chǎn)沼氣的潛力 196
第五節(jié)　混合發(fā)電美國生物質(zhì)發(fā)電的研究與推廣 197
一、生物質(zhì)發(fā)電的規(guī)模與應(yīng)用 198
二、生物質(zhì)與煤混合燃燒的應(yīng)用推廣 199
三、美國生物質(zhì)發(fā)電技術(shù)和主要發(fā)電廠 200
第六節(jié)　生物能源種植園 202
一、以色列沙漠種植園 202
二、日本生物原料工業(yè)園的建設(shè)成果 204
三、石油植物園 206
第七章　即將來臨的生物能源產(chǎn)業(yè)革命
第一節(jié)　能源與產(chǎn)業(yè)革命 214
一、產(chǎn)業(yè)革命的定義與特征 214
二、能源轉(zhuǎn)型是產(chǎn)業(yè)革命的原動力 215
三、生物能源產(chǎn)業(yè)革命的臨界點 218
四、碳匯與生物能全面推動第三次能源產(chǎn)業(yè)革命 222
第二節(jié)　水利與灌溉工程將成為最大的基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè) 222
一、重新定義水利與灌溉工程 222
二、生物技術(shù)將相同耗水量下的生物質(zhì)產(chǎn)量成倍提高 223
三、節(jié)水灌溉技術(shù)對水資源應(yīng)用效率與經(jīng)濟(jì)性的影響 223
四、水利與灌溉工程將成為最大的基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè) 226
第三節(jié)　農(nóng)業(yè)革命與社會財富的再分配 228
一、基因工程推動下的生物能源 229
二、現(xiàn)有草原、森林的升級換代 232
三、向沙漠進(jìn)軍 234
四、農(nóng)業(yè)重新回歸第一大經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)業(yè) 237
第四節(jié)　生物能源支持下的新型工業(yè)體系 241
一、能源體系的變革 241
二、化工與原材料 246
三、生物質(zhì)建筑材料與應(yīng)用 246
四、新型工業(yè)體系的建立 248
第八章　生物能源產(chǎn)業(yè)革命推動下的新生態(tài)
第一節(jié)　化石能源及其工業(yè)體系的衰敗 254
一、化石能源工業(yè)體系的困境 254
二、能源巨頭的最后風(fēng)光 254
三、耗盡資源的中心城市 255
四、一個新的能源保障系統(tǒng)正在形成 256
第二節(jié)　生物能源的崛起與第三次產(chǎn)業(yè)革命的水到渠成 259
一、即將爆發(fā)的第三次產(chǎn)業(yè)革命 259
二、軟著陸還是硬著陸 260
三、巨大的農(nóng)業(yè)人口與就地產(chǎn)業(yè)化 261
四、中國將全面推動并引領(lǐng)第三次能源產(chǎn)業(yè)革命 262
第三節(jié)　可持續(xù)發(fā)展的地球美好家園 264
一、共識 264
二、困境 265
三、碳交易助推生物能源 268
四、中國承諾 270
五、地球美好家園 271

CONTENTS
Chapter ⅠCO2, Carbon-based Life and Climate Cycle
1.1CO2 Concentration and Plant Development 2
1.1.1Photosynthesis in Prokaryotes and Oxygen Production 2
1.1.2The Earths Environment during Marine Life Evolution Stages 4
1.1.3Atmospheric CO2 Levels during Terrestrial Plant Proliferation 5
1.1.4Decreasing CO2 Fluctuations and Diminishing Coal Accumulation 7
1.2The Earths Plants and Climate 13
1.2.1Establishment of Climate and Carbon Cycle Model 13
1.2.2Greenhouse Effect and the Earths Ecosystem 16
1.2.3Solar Activity Impact on the Earths Ecological Environment 18
1.2.4Photosynthesis in Energy Storage and Solar Variability 20
1.3The Earths Climate Cycles from Taiyuan Permian-Triassic Geological Section 25
1.3.1Carboniferous Terrestrial Life Explosion 26
1.3.2Collapse of Carboniferous Forests 27
1.3.3Permian Ice Age 28
1.3.4Permian Mass Extinction 29
1.3.5Arid Landscape in Late Permian and Early Triassic 29
1.4Climate Change from Perspective of the Earths History 31
1.4.1Anthropocene in the Earths Climate Cycles 31
1.4.2Formation of Loess in Quaternary and Post-Glacial Era 33
1.4.3The Earths Climate is Transitioning into a Warm Period 35
1.4.4Warming, Moistening, and Rising CO2Emergence of a New
Environment 36
Chapter ⅡEnergy of the Earth Endless as Long as the Sun Exists
2.1The Sun and Solar Energy on the Earth 46
2.1.1Solar Mass and Nuclear Reaction Energy 46
2.1.2The Suns Age and Lifespan 47
2.1.3Solar Energy Entering the Earth and Its Distribution 48
2.1.4Storage and Preservation of Solar Energy Entering the Earth 51
2.2Fossil Energy is Solar Energy Reserved in the History of the Earth 52
2.2.1All Fossil Energy Comes from Photosynthesis 52
2.2.2Formation of Fossil Fuels Alongside Biological Development 53
2.2.3Different Environments Result in Different Varieties of Fossil Fuel 55
2.2.4Biological Burial and Formation of Fossil Energy 57
2.3Renewable Energy, the Result of the Sun and Solar Energy Action 60
2.3.1Classification and Evaluation of the Earths Energy 60
2.3.2Wind Energy and Atmospheric Circulation 61
2.3.3Hydropower and Water Cycle 62
2.3.4Shallow Geothermal Energy 63
2.3.5Tidal Energy 64
2.3.6Photovoltaic Energy and Biomass Energy 65
2.4Photosynthesis, the Best Way to Collect and Store Solar Energy 65
2.4.1Comparison of Bioenergy Generation and Solar Energy Generation 66
2.4.2Comparison of Bioenergy Generation and Wind Energy Generation 69
2.4.3Comparison of Bioenergy and Hydropower 71
2.4.4Economics of Biomass Production and Re-exploitation of Fossil Fuels 72
Chapter ⅢCarbon Balance in Lithosphere, Biosphere and Atmosphere
3.1Total Carbon and Cycling Patterns in Lithosphere, Biosphere and
Atmosphere 78
3.1.1Total Carbon in Lithosphere, Biosphere and Atmosphere 78
3.1.2Carbon Cycle Patterns in Lithosphere and Atmosphere 79
3.1.3Carbon Cycle Patterns in Biosphere and Atmosphere 80
3.1.4Carbon Cycle and Onset of a New Phase of Ecological Development 83
3.2Identify a New Balance Point in the Earths Carbon Cycle 84
3.2.1Establishment of Carbon Cycle Model for Cenozoic and Contemporary
Geological History 84
3.2.2Scenario Analysis under Zero Carbon Emission Policy Intervention 86
3.2.3Scenario Analysis Compliance with UNFCCC Protocol 86
3.2.4New Balance Point under this Model 87
3.3Carbon Balance of the Earths Atmosphere 88
3.3.1Fossil Fuel CombustionPositive Regulation Mechanism of CO2 88
3.3.2Biomass and Agricultural EnergyNegative Regulation Mechanism
of CO2 89
3.3.3Carbon Balance Regulation and Eco-Environment Optimization 89
Chapter ⅣBiotechnology Breakthroughs and Bioenergy will Dominate the Future
4.1Development of Genetic Engineering and Improvement of Photosynthesis
Efficiency 94
4.1.1Enhancing Photosynthesis Efficiency by Modifying Genes in C3 and C4
Plants 95
4.1.2Enhancing Photosynthesis Efficiency by Delaying Leaf Senescence 98
4.1.3Enhancing Photosynthesis Efficiency by Improving Nitrogen Utilization 98
4.1.4Enhancing Photosynthesis Efficiency by Modifying Plant Morphology 99
4.1.5Enhancing Photosynthesis Efficiency by Increasing Water Use
Efficiency 100
4.2Improvement and Development of Bioenergy Raw Materials 101
4.2.1Genetic Modification of Starch and Sugar Crops 101
4.2.2Genetic Modification of Cellulosic Plants 102
4.2.3Genetic Modification of Oleaginous Energy Plants 105
4.2.4Genetic Modification of Algae Energy Plants 107
4.3When Biomass Dominates Human Energy Needs 110
4.3.1Necessity of Bioenergy to Replace Fossil Fuels 110
4.3.2Photosynthetic Rate and Optimal CO2 Level 112
4.3.3Assessment of Biomass Regenerative Capacity to Meet Human Energy Consumption 113
4.3.4Fundamental Improvement of the Green Earth and Human Habitat 118
Chapter ⅤComplementarity of Fossil Fuels and Bioenergy
5.1Fossil Fuels as Essential Footstone for Bioenergy Development 124
5.1.1Fossil Fuels Transforms the Way Humans Live 124
5.1.2Fossil Fuels Unleashes Carbon Buried Underground 129
5.1.3Bioenergy Takes Time to Develop before Becoming Dominant Energy Source 130
5.1.4Fossil Fuels Provided Infrastructure and Support for Application of Bioenergy 133
5.2Fossil Fuels and Energy Security during Transition 134
5.2.1Proven Reserves and Production of Various Fossil Fuels 134
5.2.2Coal is a Sustainable Fossil Energy Source 138
5.3Promotion of Fossil Fuels alongside Clean Technologies 140
5.3.1Space and Time Still Exist for Large-Scale Application of Fossil Fuels 140
5.3.2Pollution is the Biggest Obstacle for the Application of Fossil Fuels 141
5.3.3Development of Clean Application Technologies for Fossil Fuels 143
5.3.4Early Layout of Bioenergy Agriculture and Fully Promote Biomass Carbon Sink Projects 147
5.4The Future of CoalPrecise Applications and Coking Dry Distillation 148
5.4.1Coal Will Enter the Auxiliary Energy and Raw Material Era 148
5.4.2The Research on Coal Continues to Deepen and Coking Dry Distillation Has Expanded to All Coal Types Except for Lignite 149
5.4.3Diversification of Coking Dry Distillation Products 155
5.4.4New Trends in Development of Coking Dry Distillation Industry Chain 156
5.4.5Envision of Biomass Fuel Oil Coking Plant 159
Chapter ⅥThe Emerging Bioenergy Industry
6.1Energy Agriculture Driven by Carbon Environment 164
6.1.1The Concept of Agriculture and Biomass Energy 164
6.1.2Basic Components and Structure of Biomass 165
6.1.3Key Factors Determining the Future of BioenergyCO2, Sunlight, and
Precipitation 167
6.1.4Agriculture and Arable Land in Carbon-Poor Environment 168
6.1.5Energy Agriculture in Carbon-Rich Environment 169
6.1.6Classification of Energy Agriculture Products 173
6.2Regeneration Speed Exceeding Extraction SpeedSwedens Forestry Bioenergy 180
6.2.1Strong Policy Support Driving Rapid Development of Swedens Bioenergy Industry 180
6.2.2Protection and Growth of Forest Resources Through Utilization 181
6.2.3Flourishing Industry of Biomass Pellet Fuels 183
6.3Biofuel Surpassing Fossil FuelsDevelopment of Brazils Bio-Liquid Fuel 184
6.3.1Promotion of Bioethanol Fuel in Brazil 185
6.3.2Government Support for the Biodiesel Industry 187
6.3.3Raw Materials and Costs for Biofuel Production 188
6.3.4Prospects for Brazils Biomass Energy 190
6.4Renewable Natural GasSustained Rapid Development of Germanys Biogas Industry 191
6.4.1Rapid Development of Germanys Biogas Industry 192
6.4.2Advanced Technology for Purifying Biogas to Replace Natural Gas 193
6.4.3Characteristics of Germanys Biogas Projects 195
6.4.4Potential of Dedicated Energy Crop Production for Biogas 196
6.5Hybrid Power GenerationResearch and Promotion of Biomass Power in the U.S. 197
6.5.1Scale and Current Status of Biomass Power Generation 198
6.5.2Promotion of Biomass and Coal Co-fired Power Generation 199
6.5.3Biomass Power Generation Technologies and Major Power Plants
in U.S. 200
6.6Bioenergy Plantations 202
6.6.1Desert Plantations in Israel 202
6.6.2Achievements of Japans Biomass Industrial Park 204
6.6.3Petroleum Botanical Garden 206
Chapter ⅦImpending Revolution in Bioenergy Industry
7.1Energy and Industrial Revolution 214
7.1.1Definition and Characteristics of Industrial Revolution 214
7.1.2Energy Transformation is the Driving Force behind Industrial
Revolutions 215
7.1.3Tipping Point for Bioenergy Industrial Revolution 218
7.1.4Carbon Sink and BioenergyComprehensively Promoting the Third Energy Industry Revolution 222
7.2Hydropower and Irrigation Engineering Will Become Largest Basic
Industry 222
7.2.1Redefining Hydropower and Irrigation Engineering 222
7.2.2Biotechnology Will Double Biomass Production with Same Water Consumption 223
7.2.3Impact of Water-Saving Irrigation Technology on Water Resource Utilization Efficiency and Economics 223
7.2.4Hydropower and Irrigation Engineering Will Become Largest Basic Industry 226
7.3Agricultural Revolution and Redistribution of Social Wealth 228
7.3.1Bioenergy Driven by Genetic Engineering 229
7.3.2Upgrading Existing Grasslands and Forests 232
7.3.3Advancing into Deserts 234
7.3.4Agriculture Returning to Being the Top Economic Industry Again 237
7.4New Industrial System Supported by Bioenergy 241
7.4.1Transformation of Energy System 241
7.4.2Chemical Industry and Raw Materials 246
7.4.3Biomass Building Materials and Applications 246
7.4.4Establishment of New Industrial Systems 248
Chapter ⅧNew Ecology Driven by the Revolution in Bioenergy Industry
8.1Decline of Fossil Fuels and Their Industrial Systems 254
8.1.1The Dilemma of Fossil Fuel Energy Industry System 254
8.1.2The Last Days of Energy Giants 254
8.1.3Central Cities Depleted of Resources 255
8.1.4Formation of a New Energy Security System 256
8.2Rise of Bioenergy and Arrival of the Third Industrial Revolution 259
8.2.1Impending Third Industrial Revolution 259
8.2.2Soft Landing or Hard Landing 260
8.2.3Enormous Agricultural Population and Local Industrialization 261
8.2.4China Will Fully Promote and Lead the Third Industrial Revolution 262
8.3Sustainable Development of a Beautiful Earth Home 264
8.3.1Consensus 264
8.3.2Predicament 265
8.3.3Carbon Trading Boosts Bioenergy 268
8.3.4Chinas Commitment 270
8.3.5A Beautiful Earth Home 271