第1章  視頻監(jiān)控技術(shù)概述················· 1

1.1  引子·························································· 2

1.1.1  安全防范的雛形······························· 2

1.1.2  網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻監(jiān)控··································· 2

1.1.3  智能視頻識(shí)別··································· 2

1.1.4  智能網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻監(jiān)控··························· 3

1.1.5  高清視頻監(jiān)控··································· 3

1.1.6  云視頻監(jiān)控······································· 4

1.2  視頻監(jiān)控技術(shù)發(fā)展過(guò)程·························· 4

1.2.1  模擬視頻監(jiān)控時(shí)代··························· 5

1.2.2  數(shù)字視頻監(jiān)控時(shí)代··························· 7

1.2.3  智能網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻監(jiān)控時(shí)代··················· 8

1.2.4  高清視頻監(jiān)控時(shí)代··························· 9

1.3  視頻監(jiān)控的核心技術(shù)······························ 9

1.3.1  光學(xué)成像器件··································· 9

1.3.2  視頻編碼壓縮算法··························· 10

1.3.3  視頻編碼壓縮芯片··························· 10

1.3.4  視頻管理平臺(tái)··································· 11

1.4  視頻監(jiān)控的發(fā)展方向······························ 11

1.5  智能網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻監(jiān)控概念·························· 13

1.5.1  本書(shū)內(nèi)容、范圍說(shuō)明······················· 13

1.5.2  本書(shū)術(shù)語(yǔ)、縮寫(xiě)說(shuō)明······················· 13

1.5.3  本書(shū)內(nèi)容拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)圖······················· 15

第2章  模擬視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)················· 17

2.1  模擬監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成······························ 18

2.2  視頻采集設(shè)備·········································· 19

2.2.1  攝像機(jī)相關(guān)技術(shù)······························· 19

2.2.2  鏡頭相關(guān)介紹··································· 24

2.2.3  防護(hù)罩··············································· 28

2.2.4  云臺(tái)及解碼器··································· 29

2.2.5  一體球型攝像機(jī)······························· 30

2.3  信號(hào)傳輸設(shè)備·········································· 33

2.3.1  視頻信號(hào)的傳輸······························· 33

2.3.2  視頻分配器······································· 35

2.3.3  控制信號(hào)的傳輸······························· 35

2.3.4  系統(tǒng)供電··········································· 35

2.4  矩陣控制設(shè)備·········································· 36

2.4.1  矩陣工作原理··································· 36

2.4.2  矩陣的主要功能······························· 37

2.4.3  PTZ控制原理··································· 38

2.4.4  控制鍵盤(pán)介紹··································· 38

2.5  顯示與錄像設(shè)備······································ 39

2.5.1  多畫(huà)面處理器··································· 39

2.5.2  圖像顯示設(shè)備··································· 41

2.5.3  長(zhǎng)延時(shí)錄像機(jī)··································· 42

2.6  夜視技術(shù)及應(yīng)用······································ 42

2.6.1  主動(dòng)紅外攝像機(jī)······························· 42

2.6.2  激光夜視技術(shù)··································· 44

2.6.3  被動(dòng)紅外夜視··································· 45

2.6.4  透霧攝像機(jī)······································· 46

2.7  閉路電視監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)·························· 47

2.7.1  系統(tǒng)需求分析··································· 47

2.7.2  攝像機(jī)的選型··································· 49

2.7.3  鏡頭的選型······································· 51

2.7.4  矩陣的選型······································· 51

2.8  本章小結(jié)·················································· 52

第3章  視頻編碼壓縮技術(shù)················· 53

3.1  多媒體技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)······································ 54

3.1.1  圖像的色彩模型······························· 54

3.1.2  圖像的色彩空間變換······················· 57

3.1.3  圖像的基本屬性······························· 58

3.1.4  圖像的格式與質(zhì)量··························· 59

3.1.5  數(shù)據(jù)壓縮方法··································· 60

3.2  靜態(tài)圖像壓縮技術(shù)·································· 64

3.2.1  色相變換過(guò)程··································· 65

3.2.2  區(qū)塊切割與采樣······························· 66

3.2.3  離散余弦(DCT)變換························· 68

3.2.4  量化過(guò)程介紹··································· 69

3.2.5  Z字形編碼過(guò)程································ 71

3.2.6  DC系數(shù)及AC系數(shù)編碼················· 72

3.2.7  熵編碼介紹······································· 73

3.2.8  JPEG數(shù)據(jù)流介紹····························· 73

3.2.9  JPEG解壓縮過(guò)程····························· 73

3.3  視頻(動(dòng)態(tài)圖像)編碼壓縮······················· 74

3.3.1  視頻壓縮的必要性··························· 74

3.3.2  視頻壓縮的可行性··························· 75

3.3.3  圖像格式說(shuō)明··································· 75

3.3.4  逐行掃描與隔行掃描······················· 79

3.3.5  幀率、碼流與分辨率······················· 80

3.3.6  視頻編碼模型··································· 81

3.3.7  運(yùn)動(dòng)補(bǔ)償技術(shù)介紹··························· 82

3.4  主流視頻編碼技術(shù)·································· 83

3.4.1  MJPEG編碼壓縮····························· 84

3.4.2  MPEG-1技術(shù)介紹···························· 85

3.4.3  MPEG-2技術(shù)介紹···························· 90

3.4.4  MPEG-4技術(shù)介紹···························· 91

3.4.5  H.264技術(shù)說(shuō)明································ 96

3.4.6  H.265編碼技術(shù)································ 98

3.4.7  視頻編解碼技術(shù)應(yīng)用······················· 103

3.5  本章小結(jié)·················································· 105

第4章  硬盤(pán)錄像機(jī)(DVR)技術(shù)············ 107

4.1  DVR產(chǎn)品介紹········································ 108

4.1.1  DVR發(fā)展歷史·································· 108

4.1.2  DVR工作原理·································· 109

4.1.3  軟壓縮與硬壓縮······························· 110

4.1.4  DVR芯片介紹·································· 111

4.1.5  DVR的錄像文件管理······················ 113

4.1.6  DVR配置及接口······························ 114

4.1.7  DVR的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)······························ 117

4.1.8  DVR術(shù)語(yǔ)介紹·································· 118

4.2  DVR軟硬件構(gòu)成···································· 119

4.2.1  嵌入式DVR······································ 119

4.2.2  PC式DVR········································ 122

4.2.3  嵌入式對(duì)比PC式DVR··················· 123

4.3  DVR應(yīng)用軟件功能································ 125

4.3.1  設(shè)備配置及管理······························· 126

4.3.2  錄像管理··········································· 126

4.3.3  報(bào)警管理··········································· 127

4.3.4  視頻存儲(chǔ)與備份······························· 127

4.3.5  視頻瀏覽與回放······························· 128

4.3.6  設(shè)備網(wǎng)管維護(hù)··································· 129

4.3.7  用戶的管理······································· 129

4.3.8  用戶操作日志審計(jì)··························· 130

4.4  DVR的應(yīng)用架構(gòu)···································· 130

4.4.1  單機(jī)工作模式··································· 130

4.4.2  模數(shù)混合架構(gòu)··································· 131

4.4.3  多機(jī)聯(lián)網(wǎng)模式··································· 132

4.5  DVR的亮點(diǎn)功能···································· 136

4.5.1  DVR的多碼流技術(shù)·························· 136

4.5.2  視頻分析技術(shù)應(yīng)用··························· 138

4.5.3  混合DVR技術(shù)································· 139

4.5.4  智能檢索與回放······························· 140

4.5.5  場(chǎng)景重組技術(shù)··································· 141

4.5.6  視頻加密技術(shù)··································· 142

4.6  DVR產(chǎn)品選型········································ 142

4.7  DVR的常見(jiàn)故障···································· 145

4.7.1  PC式DVR的常見(jiàn)故障··················· 145

4.7.2  嵌入式DVR的常見(jiàn)故障················· 145

4.8  DVR應(yīng)用案例········································ 146

4.8.1  DVR帶寬設(shè)計(jì)·································· 146

4.8.2  DVR存儲(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)·································· 148

4.9  DVR設(shè)置與操作···································· 148

4.9.1  DVR的系統(tǒng)設(shè)置······························ 149

4.9.2  DVR的應(yīng)用操作······························ 153

4.10  DVR的遠(yuǎn)程訪問(wèn)·································· 155

4.10.1  流媒體服務(wù)····································· 156

4.10.2  DVR的公網(wǎng)配置···························· 158

4.10.3  DVR的轉(zhuǎn)碼應(yīng)用···························· 161

4.11  本章小結(jié)················································ 162

第5章  視頻編碼器技術(shù)···················· 163

5.1  DVS產(chǎn)品介紹········································· 164

5.1.1  DVS發(fā)展歷程·································· 164

5.1.2  DVS對(duì)比DVR································ 165

5.1.3  DVS的工作原理······························ 166

5.2  DVS產(chǎn)品軟硬件構(gòu)成····························· 168

5.2.1  DVS硬件構(gòu)成·································· 168

5.2.2  DVS軟件構(gòu)成·································· 169

5.3  DVS系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用架構(gòu)································· 172

5.3.1  矩陣+DVS混合架構(gòu)························ 172

5.3.2  DVS+NVR架構(gòu)······························· 173

5.4  DVS的亮點(diǎn)功能····································· 174

5.4.1  DVS的ANR技術(shù)··························· 174

5.4.2  DVS冗余技術(shù)·································· 176

5.4.3  DVS的多碼流技術(shù)·························· 177

5.4.4  DVS的PoE技術(shù)····························· 178

5.4.5  DVS的音頻功能······························ 179

5.4.6  DVS組播應(yīng)用·································· 180

5.4.7  帶視頻分析功能的DVS·················· 181

5.5  DVS產(chǎn)品選型········································· 182

5.5.1  DVS的主要參數(shù)······························ 182

5.5.2  DVS產(chǎn)品的架構(gòu)······························ 182

5.5.3  編碼壓縮方式··································· 182

5.5.4  視頻分析功能··································· 183

5.5.5  各類接口資源··································· 183

5.5.6  標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化與開(kāi)放性······························· 184

5.5.7  設(shè)備的穩(wěn)定性··································· 184

5.6  DVS的集成整合····································· 185

5.6.1  DVS的SDK集成···························· 185

5.6.2  DVS的SDK功能···························· 186

5.7  DVS設(shè)置與應(yīng)用····································· 187

5.7.1  DVS工作流程·································· 187

5.7.2  DVS碼流分析·································· 188

5.7.3  DVS主要參數(shù)說(shuō)明·························· 189

5.7.4  DVS配置過(guò)程·································· 190

5.8  SDI-DVS產(chǎn)品介紹································· 192

5.9  DVS常見(jiàn)故障及公網(wǎng)接入····················· 193

5.10  本章小結(jié)················································ 194

第6章  網(wǎng)絡(luò)錄像機(jī)(NVR)技術(shù)············ 195

6.1  NVR產(chǎn)品介紹········································ 196

6.1.1  NVR的功能角色······························ 196

6.1.2  NVR的功能模塊······························ 197

6.1.3  NVR對(duì)比DVR································ 198

6.1.4  PC式與嵌入式NVR························ 200

6.2  NVR的技術(shù)指標(biāo)···································· 202

6.2.1  NVR的平臺(tái)需求······························ 202

6.2.2  NVR的瓶頸分析······························ 203

6.2.3  NVR的軟件功能······························ 205

6.2.4  NVR的兼容性·································· 212

6.3  NVR產(chǎn)品亮點(diǎn)功能································ 212

6.3.1  視頻中間件技術(shù)應(yīng)用······················· 212

6.3.2  ANR技術(shù)·········································· 214

6.3.3  NVR冗余技術(shù)·································· 215

6.3.4  視頻標(biāo)簽功能··································· 216

6.3.5  帶視頻分析功能的NVR·················· 216

6.3.6  軟件的進(jìn)程隔離技術(shù)······················· 216

6.3.7  軟件定制化設(shè)計(jì)······························· 217

6.4  NVR產(chǎn)品選型要點(diǎn)································ 217

6.4.1  NVR典型參數(shù)·································· 217

6.4.2  NVR產(chǎn)品選型·································· 217

6.5  NVR應(yīng)用案例分析································ 219

6.5.1  需求分析··········································· 219

6.5.2  網(wǎng)絡(luò)帶寬設(shè)計(jì)··································· 221

6.5.3  NVR存儲(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)·································· 222

6.6  NVR的ONVIF接入······························ 223

6.7  本章小結(jié)·················································· 225

第7章  網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像機(jī)(IPC)技術(shù)············ 227

7.1  IPC產(chǎn)品介紹··········································· 228

7.1.1  IPC的定義········································ 228

7.1.2  IPC的主要功能································ 229

7.1.3  IPC的分類········································ 230

7.1.4  IPC的優(yōu)勢(shì)········································ 231

7.1.5  IPC的常用術(shù)語(yǔ)介紹························ 234

7.2  IPC的組成及工作原理··························· 235

7.2.1  IPC的硬件構(gòu)成································ 235

7.2.2  IPC的軟件構(gòu)成································ 238

7.2.3  IPC的工作原理································ 239

7.3  IPC數(shù)據(jù)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸······························· 239

7.3.1  網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸協(xié)議介紹··························· 240

7.3.2  視音頻流的傳輸······························· 241

7.3.3  控制信號(hào)的傳輸······························· 242

7.4  IPC的核心技術(shù)······································· 242

7.4.1  光學(xué)成像技術(shù)··································· 243

7.4.2  視頻編碼算法··································· 243

7.4.3  編碼壓縮芯片··································· 244

7.4.4  視頻分析技術(shù)··································· 244

7.5  IPC的亮點(diǎn)功能······································· 246

7.5.1  IPC的3G/4G功能··························· 246

7.5.2  PoE技術(shù)············································ 247

7.5.3  本地緩存功能··································· 248

7.5.4  DDNS支持······································· 248

7.5.5  IPC的安全通信································ 249

7.5.6  報(bào)警改變幀率技術(shù)··························· 250

7.5.7  IPC的多碼流技術(shù)···························· 251

7.5.8  視頻質(zhì)量控制QoS··························· 252

7.5.9  視頻移動(dòng)探測(cè)··································· 253

7.6  IPC的選型要點(diǎn)······································· 253

7.6.1  IPC的主要參數(shù)································ 253

7.6.2  圖像質(zhì)量··········································· 253

7.6.3  網(wǎng)絡(luò)適應(yīng)性······································· 254

7.6.4  編碼壓縮算法··································· 254

7.6.5  系統(tǒng)安裝與升級(jí)······························· 254

7.6.6  產(chǎn)品許可授權(quán)方式··························· 255

7.6.7  二次開(kāi)發(fā)與集成······························· 255

7.6.8  廠商產(chǎn)品線考察······························· 255

7.7  IPC的應(yīng)用設(shè)計(jì)······································· 256

7.7.1  需求分析··········································· 256

7.7.2  系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)··········································· 258

7.7.3  帶寬與存儲(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)······························· 258

7.7.4  系統(tǒng)的主要功能······························· 259

7.8  IPC的參數(shù)設(shè)置······································· 260

7.8.1  設(shè)置前的準(zhǔn)備工作··························· 260

7.8.2  IP地址設(shè)置······································· 261

7.8.3  視頻流參數(shù)······································· 262

7.8.4  攝像機(jī)圖像參數(shù)設(shè)置······················· 263

7.8.5  事件參數(shù)設(shè)置··································· 264

7.8.6  系統(tǒng)設(shè)備維護(hù)功能··························· 265

7.9  本章小結(jié)·················································· 266

第8章  高清視頻監(jiān)控技術(shù)················· 267

8.1  高清監(jiān)控概述·········································· 268

8.1.1  高清監(jiān)控目前格局··························· 268

8.1.2  IP高清與HD-SDI對(duì)比··················· 269

8.2  960H高清技術(shù)········································ 271

8.2.1 EFFIO方案介紹······························· 272

8.2.2  960H高清的優(yōu)勢(shì)····························· 272

8.3  HDCVI高清技術(shù)···································· 273

8.3.1  HDCVI技術(shù)說(shuō)明····························· 273

8.3.2  HDCVI攝像機(jī)方案························· 274

8.3.3  HDCVI高清與其他技術(shù)對(duì)比········· 275

8.3.4  HDCVI高清應(yīng)用····························· 275

8.4  HD-SDI高清技術(shù)··································· 276

8.4.1  SDI標(biāo)準(zhǔn)說(shuō)明···································· 276

8.4.2  HD-SDI系統(tǒng)原理···························· 277

8.4.3  HD-CCTV標(biāo)準(zhǔn)介紹························ 278

8.4.4  HD-CCTV技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)························ 279

8.4.5  HD-CCTV設(shè)備································ 279

8.4.6  HD-CCTV系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)························ 282

8.4.7  HD-CCTV應(yīng)用注意事項(xiàng)················ 283

8.5  IP高清技術(shù)············································· 284

8.5.1  高清電視(HDTV)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)····················· 284

8.5.2  高清IPC的概念······························· 285

8.5.3  高清IPC的優(yōu)勢(shì)······························· 286

8.6  高清IPC的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)······························ 291

8.6.1  高清配套鏡頭··································· 291

8.6.2  圖像傳感器······································· 291

8.6.3  圖像靈敏度問(wèn)題······························· 291

8.6.4  編碼壓縮算法··································· 292

8.6.5  高清信號(hào)傳輸··································· 292

8.6.6  視頻管理平臺(tái)支持··························· 292

8.6.7  高清信號(hào)顯示··································· 293

8.7  高清IPC的亮點(diǎn)功能······························ 293

8.7.1  日夜監(jiān)視功能··································· 293

8.7.2  寬動(dòng)態(tài)范圍(WDR)··························· 293

8.7.3  攝像機(jī)的“走廊模式”························ 294

8.7.4  覓光者技術(shù)······································· 294

8.8  高清IPC的障礙······································ 295

8.8.1  高帶寬占用······································· 295

8.8.2  海量存儲(chǔ)問(wèn)題··································· 295

8.8.3  高成本問(wèn)題······································· 295

8.9  高清IPC的應(yīng)用······································ 296

8.9.1  需求分析··········································· 296

8.9.2  像素密度··········································· 296

8.9.3  攝像機(jī)選型······································· 301

8.9.4  系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)說(shuō)明··································· 302

8.9.5  視頻傳輸與存儲(chǔ)······························· 303

8.10  高清IPC的設(shè)置···································· 303

8.11  高清鏡頭················································ 308

8.11.1  高清鏡頭的重要性························· 308

8.11.2  鏡頭的像差與色差························· 309

8.11.3  鏡頭MTF曲線說(shuō)明······················· 313

8.11.4  日夜鏡頭技術(shù)································· 317

8.11.5  非球面鏡頭技術(shù)····························· 318

8.11.6  鏡頭鍍膜技術(shù)································· 318

8.11.7  高清鏡頭的選用····························· 319

8.11.8  鏡頭的關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)說(shuō)明····················· 320

8.12  本章小結(jié)················································ 321

第9章  視頻內(nèi)容分析(VCA)技術(shù)········ 323

9.1  視頻分析技術(shù)說(shuō)明·································· 324

9.1.1  視頻內(nèi)容分析技術(shù)背景··················· 324

9.1.2  視頻分析實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能······················· 325

9.1.3  視頻數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)介紹··························· 327

9.2  VMD技術(shù)介紹······································· 329

9.2.1  VMD技術(shù)原理介紹························· 329

9.2.2  VMD技術(shù)的缺陷····························· 329

9.3  VCA技術(shù)介紹········································ 330

9.3.1  VCA技術(shù)的原理······························ 330

9.3.2  VCA技術(shù)的突破······························ 330

9.3.3  VCA的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)······························ 332

9.4  視頻分析工作機(jī)制·································· 333

9.4.1  視頻分析軟件框架··························· 333

9.4.2  視頻分析的工作流··························· 334

9.4.3  視頻分析算法模塊··························· 335

9.4.4  視頻分析過(guò)程··································· 337

9.5  視頻分析技術(shù)難點(diǎn)·································· 340

9.5.1  環(huán)境因素··········································· 340

9.5.2  視頻場(chǎng)景相關(guān)因素··························· 340

9.5.3  平臺(tái)及芯片的限制··························· 341

9.5.4  成像因素··········································· 342

9.6  視頻分析系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)·································· 343

9.6.1  前端獨(dú)立單元··································· 343

9.6.2  后端服務(wù)器方式······························· 344

9.6.3  智能DVS或IPC······························ 345

9.6.4  前后端混合架構(gòu)······························· 346

9.6.5  目前的架構(gòu)情況······························· 347

9.7  視頻分析的主要應(yīng)用······························ 348

9.7.1  安全類應(yīng)用······································· 348

9.7.2  非安全類應(yīng)用··································· 352

9.7.3  視頻診斷技術(shù)··································· 354

9.7.4  特色功能介紹··································· 357

9.8  視頻分析軟件及設(shè)置······························ 359

9.8.1  視頻分析設(shè)置程序··························· 359

9.8.2  VCA設(shè)置過(guò)程舉例·························· 360

9.9  視頻分析技術(shù)實(shí)施·································· 363

9.9.1  視頻分析實(shí)施流程··························· 363

9.9.2  攝像機(jī)部署要點(diǎn)······························· 364

9.9.3  VCA效果評(píng)定·································· 364

9.10  視頻分析產(chǎn)品選型································ 365

9.10.1  算法實(shí)現(xiàn)方式································· 366

9.10.2  系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)········································· 366

9.10.3  集成性與易用性····························· 366

9.11  視頻摘要與檢索···································· 367

9.11.1  需求背景········································· 367

9.11.2  視頻摘要技術(shù)································· 368

9.11.3  視頻檢索應(yīng)用································· 371

9.12  本章小結(jié)················································ 373

第10章  網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻傳輸與交換············ 375

10.1  網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)···················· 376

10.1.1  網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)············· 376

10.1.2  MPEG-4技術(shù)說(shuō)明·························· 377

10.1.3  系統(tǒng)中的視頻傳輸························· 378

10.2  網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸協(xié)議介紹································ 378

10.2.1  OSI模型介紹·································· 378

10.2.2  傳輸層介紹····································· 382

10.2.3  TCP與UDP協(xié)議··························· 384

10.2.4  RTP與RTCP協(xié)議·························· 387

10.2.5  RTSP與RTVP簡(jiǎn)介······················· 389

10.2.6  網(wǎng)管協(xié)議SNMP····························· 390

10.3  視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸···················· 390

10.3.1  網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻監(jiān)控?cái)?shù)據(jù)流····················· 390

10.3.2  視頻流的編碼································· 392

10.3.3  RTP打包過(guò)程································· 392

10.3.4  視頻流封裝過(guò)程····························· 393

10.3.5  視頻封裝格式································· 393

10.3.6  視頻傳輸過(guò)程································· 394

10.3.7  網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能參數(shù)說(shuō)明························· 394

10.4  組播技術(shù)介紹········································ 397

10.4.1  單播、組播與廣播························· 397

10.4.2  組播在視頻監(jiān)控中的應(yīng)用············· 400

10.5  流媒體技術(shù)在視頻監(jiān)控中的應(yīng)用········ 402

10.5.1  視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)需求分析················· 402

10.5.2  流媒體概念····································· 403

10.5.3  流媒體在視頻監(jiān)控中的應(yīng)用········· 405

10.6  SIP協(xié)議介紹········································· 406

10.6.1 信道分離技術(shù)································· 406

10.6.2  SIP架構(gòu)下的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸·················· 407

10.7  交換機(jī)相關(guān)技術(shù)···································· 409

10.7.1  交換機(jī)主要參數(shù)····························· 409

10.7.2  監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)洹ぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁ?411

10.7.3  前端設(shè)備接入································· 412

10.7.4  監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃························· 414

10.8  無(wú)線相關(guān)技術(shù)········································ 419

10.9  EPON技術(shù)············································ 422

10.9.1  EPON概念······································ 422

10.9.2  基于EPON的視頻傳輸················· 425

10.10  視頻互聯(lián)互通······································ 426

10.10.1  視頻互聯(lián)互通的意義··················· 426

10.10.2  視頻互聯(lián)互通的方式··················· 426

10.10.3  ONVIF及PSIA介紹··················· 426

10.11  本章小結(jié)·············································· 428

第11章  中央管理軟件(CMS)············· 429

11.1  CMS介紹·············································· 430

11.1.1  CMS的定義···································· 430

11.1.2  CMS的發(fā)展歷程···························· 431

11.1.3  CMS的發(fā)展方向···························· 437

11.2  CMS的原理及組成······························ 439

11.2.1  CMS的結(jié)構(gòu)···································· 439

11.2.2  CMS的組成···································· 439

11.2.3  CMS的工作流程···························· 449

11.3  CMS的主流架構(gòu)·································· 452

11.3.1  完全集中型····································· 452

11.3.2  完全分散型····································· 453

11.3.3  多級(jí)CMS架構(gòu)······························· 454

11.4  CMS的客戶軟件功能·························· 454

11.4.1  設(shè)備管理模塊································· 455

11.4.2  視頻操作模塊································· 457

11.4.3  事件調(diào)查與用戶審計(jì)····················· 463

11.4.4  報(bào)警管理功能································· 464

11.4.5  系統(tǒng)診斷與維護(hù)····························· 465

11.4.6  用戶權(quán)限管理································· 466

11.5  CMS的增強(qiáng)功能·································· 468

11.5.1  CMS服務(wù)器冗余···························· 468

11.5.2  冗余NVR機(jī)制······························· 471

11.5.3  網(wǎng)絡(luò)冗余機(jī)制································· 471

11.5.4  安全登錄功能································· 472

11.6  CMS的特色功能·································· 472

11.6.1  智能回放檢索技術(shù)························· 472

11.6.2  多路圖像拼接································· 474

11.6.3  應(yīng)急預(yù)案功能································· 475

11.6.4  視頻時(shí)間鏈表································· 476

11.6.5  視頻編輯器····································· 477

11.6.6  模糊索引功能································· 477

11.7  CMS平臺(tái)的考核·································· 477

11.7.1  平臺(tái)穩(wěn)定性····································· 477

11.7.2  系統(tǒng)可擴(kuò)展性································· 478

11.7.3  系統(tǒng)兼容性····································· 478

11.7.4  系統(tǒng)升級(jí)········································· 479

11.7.5  系統(tǒng)安全性····································· 479

11.7.6  CMS的維護(hù)···································· 480

11.7.7  系統(tǒng)容量支持································· 480

11.7.8  系統(tǒng)管理及維護(hù)····························· 484

11.7.9  良好的人機(jī)界面····························· 485

11.8  視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的集成···························· 486

11.8.1  系統(tǒng)集成的意義····························· 486

11.8.2  硬件集成方式································· 486

11.8.3  SDK方式集成································ 487

11.8.4  視頻轉(zhuǎn)碼技術(shù)介紹························· 491

11.9  相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)················································ 492

11.9.1  ONVIF規(guī)范···································· 493

11.9.2  GB/T28181標(biāo)準(zhǔn)····························· 496

11.10  本章小結(jié)·············································· 498

第12章  視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)存儲(chǔ)應(yīng)用········ 499

12.1  存儲(chǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)········································ 500

12.1.1  計(jì)算機(jī)I/O技術(shù)······························ 500

12.1.2  磁盤(pán)結(jié)構(gòu)與原理····························· 501

12.1.3  硬盤(pán)接口技術(shù)································· 504

12.1.4  磁盤(pán)陣列技術(shù)································· 507

12.1.5  磁盤(pán)IOPS及帶寬·························· 509

12.1.6  磁盤(pán)的性能測(cè)試····························· 510

12.2  RAID技術(shù)介紹····································· 513

12.2.1  RAID技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)······························ 513

12.2.2  RAID0技術(shù)介紹···························· 517

12.2.3  RAID1技術(shù)介紹···························· 519

12.2.4  RAID2技術(shù)介紹···························· 520

12.2.5  RAID3技術(shù)介紹···························· 520

12.2.6  RAID4技術(shù)介紹···························· 521

12.2.7  RAID5技術(shù)介紹···························· 522

12.2.8  RAID技術(shù)的比較·························· 523

12.3  DAS、NAS和SAN····························· 523

12.3.1  存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)的發(fā)展····················· 523

12.3.2  DAS技術(shù)········································ 525

12.3.3  NAS技術(shù)········································ 527

12.3.4  SAN技術(shù)········································ 530

12.3.5  iSCSI技術(shù)······································· 532

12.3.6  存儲(chǔ)架構(gòu)比較································· 534

12.4  視頻監(jiān)控中的存儲(chǔ)應(yīng)用························ 537

12.4.1  視頻監(jiān)控存儲(chǔ)特點(diǎn)························· 537

12.4.2  視頻監(jiān)控存儲(chǔ)需求························· 540

12.4.3  視頻存儲(chǔ)的瓶頸說(shuō)明····················· 544

12.4.4  視頻存儲(chǔ)的主要架構(gòu)····················· 546

12.4.5  視頻數(shù)據(jù)歸檔備份························· 552

12.4.6  視頻存儲(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)部署························· 554

12.4.7  視頻存儲(chǔ)應(yīng)用案例一····················· 556

12.4.8  視頻存儲(chǔ)應(yīng)用案例二····················· 558

12.5  視頻存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)的擴(kuò)容···························· 560

12.5.1  DVR系統(tǒng)存儲(chǔ)擴(kuò)容························ 560

12.5.2  NVR系統(tǒng)存儲(chǔ)擴(kuò)容························ 561

12.5.3  存儲(chǔ)擴(kuò)展注意事項(xiàng)························· 561

12.6  云存儲(chǔ)應(yīng)用············································ 561

12.6.1  云存儲(chǔ)的概念································· 562

12.6.2  云存儲(chǔ)的發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)························· 563

12.6.3  云存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)模型················· 563

12.6.4  視頻云存儲(chǔ)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)················· 564

12.6.5  平安城市視頻云存儲(chǔ)的探索········· 565

12.6.6  EMC虛擬化安防解決方案············ 567

12.7  本章小結(jié)················································ 569

第13章   視頻解碼與圖像顯示·········· 571

13.1  監(jiān)視器···················································· 572

13.1.1  監(jiān)視器的分類································· 572

13.1.2  CRT與LCD監(jiān)視器······················· 573

13.2  視頻解碼器············································ 573

13.2.1  硬解碼器········································· 573

13.2.2  軟解碼器········································· 574

13.2.3  萬(wàn)能解碼器····································· 575

13.2.4  解碼器的考核點(diǎn)····························· 575

13.3  控制中心應(yīng)用········································ 576

13.3.1  系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)配置································· 577

13.3.2  控制室操作應(yīng)用····························· 578

13.4  大屏幕拼接技術(shù)···································· 580

13.4.1  大屏幕拼接系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成····················· 581

13.4.2  DLP大屏幕系統(tǒng)····························· 582

13.4.3  LCD大屏幕系統(tǒng)···························· 584

13.4.4  拼接技術(shù)比較································· 585

13.5  本章小結(jié)················································ 586

第14章  智能網(wǎng)絡(luò)高清視頻系統(tǒng)實(shí)戰(zhàn) 587

14.1  智能網(wǎng)絡(luò)高清視頻系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)················ 588

14.1.1  知識(shí)點(diǎn)回顧····································· 588

14.1.2  系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)································· 591

14.1.3  系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性考慮····························· 593

14.2  智能網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻系統(tǒng)選型························ 594

14.2.1  視頻編碼系統(tǒng)································· 594

14.2.2  平臺(tái)系統(tǒng)考核································· 595

14.2.3  視頻內(nèi)容分析系統(tǒng)························· 595

14.2.4  網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)································· 596

14.2.5  存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)································· 596

14.3  系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用設(shè)計(jì)模擬(一)························· 597

14.3.1  項(xiàng)目需求分析································· 597

14.3.2  系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)響應(yīng)結(jié)論························· 599

14.4  系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用設(shè)計(jì)模擬(二)························· 601

14.4.1  總體說(shuō)明········································· 601

14.4.2  系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)········································· 602

14.5  本章小結(jié)················································ 607

第15章  高清監(jiān)控的行業(yè)的應(yīng)用········ 609

15.1  高鐵智能網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)················ 610

15.1.1  高鐵項(xiàng)目簡(jiǎn)介································· 610

15.1.2  高鐵視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)············· 610

15.1.3  高鐵視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)層次················· 611

15.1.4  高鐵視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)拓?fù)洹ぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁ?613

15.1.5  高鐵視頻監(jiān)控關(guān)鍵因素················· 614

15.1.6  視頻分析技術(shù)的應(yīng)用····················· 615

15.1.7  視頻監(jiān)控存儲(chǔ)的考慮····················· 617

15.1.8  鐵路視頻監(jiān)控的平臺(tái)軟件············· 617

15.2  機(jī)場(chǎng)智能網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻監(jiān)控應(yīng)用················ 618

15.2.1  機(jī)場(chǎng)視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)············· 618

15.2.2  機(jī)場(chǎng)視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的架構(gòu)············· 618

15.2.3  智能網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻監(jiān)控構(gòu)成················· 621

15.2.4  視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)關(guān)鍵因素················· 622

15.2.5  視頻分析技術(shù)在機(jī)場(chǎng)的應(yīng)用········· 623

15.2.6  機(jī)場(chǎng)視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的存儲(chǔ)············· 623

15.2.7  機(jī)場(chǎng)視頻監(jiān)控的平臺(tái)軟件············· 624

15.3  平安城市視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用················ 625

15.3.1  平安城市簡(jiǎn)介································· 625

15.3.2  平安城市視頻監(jiān)控的特點(diǎn)············· 626

15.3.3  平安城市監(jiān)控主流架構(gòu)················· 627

15.3.4  全球眼監(jiān)控平臺(tái)介紹····················· 630

15.3.5  某平安城市應(yīng)用案例····················· 638

15.4  高速公路網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻監(jiān)控應(yīng)用················ 642

15.4.1  需求分析········································· 643

15.4.2  系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成········································· 644

15.5  金融聯(lián)網(wǎng)視頻監(jiān)控應(yīng)用························ 649

15.5.1  需求分析········································· 649

15.5.2  系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)········································· 649

15.5.3  系統(tǒng)功能········································· 651

15.6  本章小結(jié)················································ 651

第16章  物理安全信息管理（PSIM）

系統(tǒng)···································· 653

16.1  安防系統(tǒng)的集成需求···························· 654

16.1.1  安防系統(tǒng)集成的聯(lián)動(dòng)····················· 655

16.1.2  安防系統(tǒng)集成的方式····················· 656

16.2  IBMS系統(tǒng)············································· 660

16.3  物理安防信息管理(PSIM)系統(tǒng)············ 661

16.3.1  安防集成發(fā)展瓶頸························· 661

16.3.2  PSIM概念的提出··························· 662

16.3.3  SAS、IBMS及PSIM對(duì)比··········· 663

16.4  PSIM系統(tǒng)的七大特征························· 664

16.4.1  連接性和集成度····························· 665

16.4.2  實(shí)時(shí)政策及配置管理····················· 665

16.4.3  關(guān)聯(lián)和驗(yàn)證····································· 665

16.4.4  可視化············································· 665

16.4.5  基于規(guī)則的工作流以響應(yīng)事件····· 665

16.4.6  穩(wěn)定性和冗余性····························· 666

16.4.7  事后報(bào)告和分析····························· 666

16.5  PSIM的價(jià)值體現(xiàn)································· 666

16.5.1  人員方面········································· 666

16.5.2  技術(shù)方面········································· 667

16.5.3  標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作業(yè)程序（SOP）方面·········· 667

16.6  PSIM系統(tǒng)的架構(gòu)································· 668

16.6.1  數(shù)據(jù)采集及匯聚層························· 669

16.6.2  數(shù)據(jù)分析及關(guān)聯(lián)層························· 669

16.6.3  信息展現(xiàn)及應(yīng)用層························· 670

16.7  PSIM系統(tǒng)的核心功能························· 671

16.7.1  多系統(tǒng)集成功能····························· 671

16.7.2  預(yù)案功能········································· 672

16.7.3  平臺(tái)指揮調(diào)度功能························· 673

16.8  PSIM的應(yīng)用描述································· 674

16.9  PSIM的應(yīng)用案例································· 675

16.9.1  PSIM的機(jī)場(chǎng)應(yīng)用··························· 675

16.9.2  PSIM的車牌識(shí)別··························· 676

16.10  本章小結(jié)·············································· 677

第17章  物聯(lián)網(wǎng)與安防監(jiān)控··············· 679

17.1  物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的基本概念································ 680

17.1.1 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的三大特征························· 680

17.1.2 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的技術(shù)架構(gòu)························· 681

17.1.3 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)························· 683

17.1.4 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的幾大問(wèn)題························· 685

17.1.5 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的產(chǎn)業(yè)應(yīng)用························· 686

17.2  物聯(lián)網(wǎng)與建筑智能化···························· 687

17.2.1  建筑智能化構(gòu)成····························· 688

17.2.2 樓宇自動(dòng)化····································· 689

17.2.3 門(mén)禁控制系統(tǒng)································· 690

17.2.4 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)與智能建筑························· 692

17.3  [案例]物聯(lián)網(wǎng)與機(jī)場(chǎng)周界入侵系統(tǒng)····· 693

17.3.1 機(jī)場(chǎng)周界防范需求························· 693

17.3.2 主流周界探測(cè)技術(shù)························· 694

17.3.3 視頻復(fù)核及跟蹤····························· 696

17.3.4 保安響應(yīng)及配置····························· 696

17.3.5  物聯(lián)網(wǎng)機(jī)場(chǎng)周界防入侵系統(tǒng)········· 696

17.4  視覺(jué)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)概念及應(yīng)用························ 701

17.4.1  視頻監(jiān)控發(fā)展歷程························· 701

17.4.2  視覺(jué)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)概念····························· 702

17.4.3  視覺(jué)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)架構(gòu)····························· 702

17.4.4  視覺(jué)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域····················· 703

17.4.5  視覺(jué)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)在機(jī)場(chǎng)周界的應(yīng)用····· 708

17.5  本章小結(jié)················································ 709

第18章  云計(jì)算與視頻監(jiān)控··············· 711

18.1  云計(jì)算···················································· 712

18.1.1  如何理解“云計(jì)算”·························· 712

18.1.2  云計(jì)算的定義································· 713

18.1.3  云計(jì)算VS傳統(tǒng)IT方式················ 714

18.2  云計(jì)算的架構(gòu)及特征···························· 714

18.2.1  云計(jì)算的架構(gòu)································· 714

18.2.2  云計(jì)算的特征································· 716

18.3  虛擬化技術(shù)············································ 716

18.3.1  服務(wù)器虛擬化································· 717

18.3.2  VMware虛擬化技術(shù)······················ 718

18.3.3  服務(wù)器虛擬化的關(guān)鍵特性············· 720

18.3.4  服務(wù)器虛擬化的優(yōu)勢(shì)····················· 721

18.4  云計(jì)算體系架構(gòu)···································· 722

18.5  云計(jì)算的障礙········································ 724

18.5.1  信息安全性····································· 724

18.5.2  數(shù)據(jù)交互安全································· 724

18.5.3  宕機(jī)問(wèn)題········································· 725

18.5.4  云服務(wù)商的綁定問(wèn)題····················· 725

18.6  云計(jì)算在視頻監(jiān)控的應(yīng)用···················· 725

18.6.1  云視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)····························· 726

18.6.2  云視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)····················· 727

18.6.3  云視頻監(jiān)控的優(yōu)勢(shì)························· 729

18.6.4  云視頻監(jiān)控的障礙························· 730

18.7  云視頻監(jiān)控廠商生態(tài)···························· 730

18.8  云計(jì)算平臺(tái)下的平安城市應(yīng)用············ 732

18.9  國(guó)內(nèi)外云視頻監(jiān)控應(yīng)用案例················ 734

18.9.1  Trafficland交通監(jiān)控······················· 734

18.9.2  Iveda Solutions································· 735

18.9.3  �？低�視平安城市應(yīng)用················· 736

18.10  本章小結(jié)·············································· 737

第19章  大數(shù)據(jù)與視頻監(jiān)控··············· 739

19.1  大數(shù)據(jù)概述············································ 740

19.1.1  大數(shù)據(jù)的背景································· 740

19.1.2  大數(shù)據(jù)的定義································· 740

19.2  大數(shù)據(jù)相關(guān)技術(shù)···································· 741

19.2.1  非結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)································· 742

19.2.2  NoSQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)································ 743

19.2.3  并行處理技術(shù)································· 744

19.2.4  數(shù)據(jù)挖掘與分析····························· 744

19.2.5  云計(jì)算技術(shù)····································· 745

19.3  Hadoop··················································· 746

19.3.1  Google的啟發(fā)································· 746

19.3.2  Hadoop概述···································· 747

19.3.3  Hadoop的基本架構(gòu)························ 748

19.3.4  HDFS··············································· 750

19.3.5  MapReduce······································ 755

19.3.6  HBase··············································· 761

19.3.7  Zookeeper········································· 761

19.3.8  Hive·················································· 762

19.4  大數(shù)據(jù)的應(yīng)用········································ 762

19.4.1  大數(shù)據(jù)的價(jià)值································· 762

19.4.2  大數(shù)據(jù)的行業(yè)應(yīng)用························· 763

19.4.3  大數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用挑戰(zhàn)····························· 764

19.5  大數(shù)據(jù)與云計(jì)算···································· 765

19.6  大數(shù)據(jù)與視頻監(jiān)控································ 765

19.6.1  高清視頻監(jiān)控目前存在的問(wèn)題····· 765

19.6.2  大數(shù)據(jù)視頻監(jiān)控優(yōu)勢(shì)····················· 766

19.6.3  面向大數(shù)據(jù)的視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)········· 767

19.7  大數(shù)據(jù)的監(jiān)控應(yīng)用································ 768

19.7.1  基于云計(jì)算的視頻監(jiān)控架構(gòu)········· 768

19.7.2  基于Hadoop的視頻云存儲(chǔ)··········· 769

19.7.3  基于Hadoop的視頻分析··············· 772

19.7.4  基于Hadoop的視頻轉(zhuǎn)碼··············· 777

19.8  本章小結(jié)················································ 778

附錄：FAQ··········································· 779

參考文獻(xiàn)············································· 783