目 錄
第1 章 緒論 ···············································································································.1
1.1 傳感器技術概述 ································································································.1
1.2 現(xiàn)代傳感器技術 ···································································································.2
1.2.1 現(xiàn)代傳感器技術特征 ····················································································.2
1.2.2 集成/固態(tài)傳感器的特點 ··············································································.2
1.3 智能傳感器概述 ······································································································.3
1.3.1 智能傳感器的定義 ························································································.3
1.3.2 智能傳感器的特點 ·····························································································.5
1.3.3 智能傳感器的組成 ·····························································································.6
1.3.4 智能傳感器的形式 ···························································································.7
1.3.5 傳感器智能化的途徑 ·························································································.8
1.3.6 智能傳感器的發(fā)展及趨勢······················································································.8
1.3.7 智能傳感器的開發(fā)重點 ························································································.9
1.4 智能傳感器中的軟件方法 ························································································.9
1.4.1 軟件子模塊 ·······································································································.10
1.4.2 預處理 ··············································································································.10
1.4.3 狀態(tài)監(jiān)測與故障檢測模塊 ······················································································.11
1.5 智能傳感器的實現(xiàn)方式 ··························································································.12
1.5.1 非集成化智能傳感器 ···················································································.12
1.5.2 集成化智能傳感器 ·······················································································.12
1.5.3 智能傳感器混合集成 ·······················································································.13
參考文獻 ·················································································································.14
第2 章 智能傳感器智能化功能及其實現(xiàn)技術 ·····························································.15
2.1 智能傳感器的基本功能 ······················································································.15
2.1.1 智能傳感器的自檢技術 ··················································································.15
2.1.2 智能傳感器的自動校準技術 ··········································································.20
2.1.3 智能傳感器的量程自動轉換技術········································································.23
2.1.4 智能傳感器的標度變換技術 ··············································································.26
2.2 智能傳感器測量數(shù)據(jù)處理 ·····················································································.28
2.2.1 測量數(shù)據(jù)的非數(shù)值處理 ·····················································································.28
2.2.2 系統(tǒng)誤差的數(shù)據(jù)處理 ·······················································································.33
2.2.3 隨機誤差的數(shù)據(jù)處理 ·················································································.42
參考文獻 ···········································································································.45
第3 章 智能傳感器信息處理技術 ···········································································.46
3.1 概述 ·············································································································.46
3.2 預測濾波器 ····································································································.46
3.2.1 多項式預測濾波器 ··············································································.46
3.2.2 灰色預測濾波器 ····························································································.47
3.3 時–頻分析法 ·········································································································.50
3.3.1 小波包分析 ·································································································.50
3.3.2 經(jīng)驗模態(tài)分解 ····························································································.51
3.3.3 集合經(jīng)驗模態(tài)分解 ·······················································································.52
3.3.4 互補集合經(jīng)驗模態(tài)分解 ···············································································.54
3.4 數(shù)據(jù)驅動法 ····································································································.55
3.4.1 主成分分析 ································································································.55
3.4.2 動態(tài)主成分分析 ·························································································.57
3.4.3 獨立成分分析 ·························································································.58
3.4.4 核主成分分析 ··························································································.59
3.4.5 非負矩陣分解 ····························································································.61
3.4.6 稀疏非負矩陣分解 ····················································································.63
3.5 熵方法 ·········································································································.66
3.5.1 能量熵 ····································································································.67
3.5.2 樣本熵 ······································································································.68
3.5.3 排列熵 ····································································································.71
3.5.4 多尺度熵 ··································································································.72
3.6 模式識別法 ·······························································································.73
3.6.1 k 最近鄰域 ·····························································································.73
3.6.2 層次支持向量多分類機 ·········································································.74
3.6.3 多分類相關向量機 ·····················································································.77
3.6.4 隨機森林分類器 ·······················································································.79
3.6.5 稀疏表示分類器 ····························································································.80
參考文獻 ···············································································································.82
第4 章 自確認傳感器技術 ······················································································.85
4.1 概述 ··········································································································.85
4.2 自確認傳感器原理 ·························································································.86
4.2.1 自確認傳感器功能結構模型 ········································································.86
4.2.2 自確認傳感器的輸出參數(shù) ·················································································.88
4.2.3 自確認傳感器的研究內容 ····················································································.89
4.3 常用的自確認傳感器方法 ·········································································.93
4.3.1 傳感器故障檢測與隔離方法 ··········································································.93
4.3.2 傳感器故障診斷方法 ·················································································.95
4.3.3 傳感器故障恢復方法 ··············································································.97
4.3.4 傳感器測量質量評估方法 ·············································································.102
4.4 自確認傳感器結構 ··························································································.107
參考文獻 ··········································································································.110
第5 章 智能聲發(fā)射傳感器及其應用 ········································································.115
5.1 聲發(fā)射信號 ····································································································.115
5.1.1 聲發(fā)射源 ···························································································.115
5.1.2 聲發(fā)射信號基本概念 ·············································································.116
5.1.3 聲發(fā)射信號特征及表征參數(shù) ································································.117
5.2 智能聲發(fā)射傳感器概述 ················································································.119
5.2.1 智能聲發(fā)射傳感器分類 ·············································································.119
5.2.2 智能聲發(fā)射傳感器原理 ··············································································.120
5.2.3 智能聲發(fā)射傳感器結構 ···············································································.121
5.3 智能聲發(fā)射傳感器檢測技術 ·············································································.122
5.3.1 聲發(fā)射技術原理 ······················································································.122
5.3.2 聲發(fā)射信號處理方法 ·················································································.123
5.3.3 聲發(fā)射無損檢測技術的優(yōu)勢及應用 ·····························································.125
5.4 智能聲發(fā)射傳感器在滾動軸承故障檢測中的應用 ··················································.126
5.4.1 故障滾動軸承的聲發(fā)射信號 ····································································.126
5.4.2 故障特征提取 ·························································································.127
5.4.3 滾動軸承聲發(fā)射信號智能故障診斷模型 ····················································.133
參考文獻 ······································································································.142
第6 章 智能化氣體傳感器及其應用 ··································································.143
6.1 氣體傳感器概述 ························································································.143
6.2 智能氣體傳感器精度提升算法 ·········································································.144
6.2.1 氣體傳感器選擇性改善方法 ·····································································.145
6.2.2 氣體傳感器溫/濕度補償方法 ······································································.155
6.3 智能氣體傳感器數(shù)據(jù)恢復方法 ·······································································.160
6.3.1 相關向量機基本理論 ···············································································.160
6.3.2 相關向量機核函數(shù)選擇 ···············································································.162
6.3.3 基于相關向量機的氣體傳感器故障數(shù)據(jù)恢復 ·················································.164
6.4 智能氣體傳感器的故障診斷 ··················································································.168
6.4.1 氣體傳感器故障模式分析 ···············································································.168
6.4.2 氣體傳感器在線故障檢測 ········································································.170
6.4.3 基于核主成分分析的氣體傳感器故障特征提取 ···················································.173
6.4.4 基于多分類相關向量機的氣體傳感器故障診斷 ··························································.176
參考文獻 ···············································································································.179
第7 章 智能壓力傳感器及其應用 ·········································································.180
7.1 壓力傳感器工作原理概述 ···············································································.180
7.2 壓力傳感器的故障模式 ·················································································.180
7.2.1 常見壓力傳感器的故障類型 ·····································································.180
7.2.2 壓力傳感器的故障模式分類 ·······························································.182
7.3 智能壓力傳感器故障診斷方法 ··········································································.182
7.3.1 基于多尺度主成分分析的故障診斷方法 ························································.183
7.3.2 基于小波包的多尺度主成分分析故障診斷方法 ············································.187
7.4 故障診斷方法仿真驗證 ·····················································································.188
7.4.1 基于小波變換的多尺度主成分分析診斷方法仿真驗證 ········································.188
7.4.2 基于小波包的MSPCA 診斷方法仿真驗證 ·······················································.195
7.5 基于徑向基函數(shù)（RBF）神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡的數(shù)據(jù)恢復方法 ·············································.199
7.5.1 RBF 神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡原理概述 ·················································································.199
7.5.2 RBF 神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡結構 ··················································································.200
7.5.3 RBF 神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡的學習算法 ············································································.201
7.5.4 壓力傳感器數(shù)據(jù)恢復仿真研究 ································································.202
參考文獻 ·····································································································206