項目一 氣壓傳動概述·····················································································.1
任務一 認識氣動系統(tǒng)···············································································.1
一、氣動系統(tǒng)的工作原理······································································.1
二、氣動系統(tǒng)的組成············································································.3
任務二 氣動系統(tǒng)的特點············································································.3
一、氣壓傳動的優(yōu)點············································································.4
二、氣壓傳動的缺點············································································.4
任務三 氣壓與液壓傳動的發(fā)展及應用 ·························································.4
練習題····································································································.5
項目二 氣壓傳動基礎知識···············································································.6
任務一 空氣的物理性質············································································.6
一、空氣的組成··················································································.6
二、空氣的壓力··················································································.6
三、空氣的密度··················································································.7
四、空氣的黏性··················································································.7
五、空氣的濕度··················································································.8
六、空氣的可壓縮性和膨脹性 ·······························································.9
任務二 氣體的狀態(tài)方程············································································.9
一、理想氣體的狀態(tài)方程······································································.9
二、氣體狀態(tài)變化方程·······································································.10
練習題··································································································.11
項目三 氣源裝置及輔助元件··········································································.12
任務一 氣源裝置···················································································.12
一、氣源裝置的作用和工作原理 ··························································.12
二、空氣壓縮機················································································.13
三、氣源凈化裝置·············································································.14
任務二 輔助元件···················································································.17
一、油霧器······················································································.17
二、消聲器······················································································.18
三、氣-液轉換器 ··············································································.19
練習題··································································································.20
項目四 氣動執(zhí)行元件···················································································.21
任務一 氣缸·························································································.21
一、氣缸的分類················································································.21
二、幾種常見的氣缸··········································································.22
任務二 氣壓馬達···················································································.25
一、氣壓馬達的工作原理····································································.25
二、氣壓馬達的選用原則及使用要求 ····················································.26
練習題··································································································.26
項目五 氣動控制元件···················································································.27
任務一 方向控制閥················································································.27
任務二 壓力控制閥················································································.33
任務三 流量控制閥················································································.36
練習題··································································································.37
項目六 氣動基本回路···················································································.38
任務一 方向控制回路·············································································.38
一、單作用氣缸換向回路····································································.38
二、雙作用氣缸換向回路····································································.38
任務二 壓力控制回路·············································································.39
一、一次壓力控制回路·······································································.40
二、二次壓力控制回路·······································································.40
任務三 速度控制回路·············································································.41
一、單作用氣缸速度控制回路 ·····························································.41
二、雙作用氣缸速度控制回路 ·····························································.42
三、速度換接回路·············································································.43
四、緩沖回路···················································································.43
任務四 其他常用氣動基本回路 ································································.44
一、安全保護回路·············································································.44
二、順序動作回路·············································································.46
練習題··································································································.48
項目七 典型氣動系統(tǒng)···················································································.49
任務一 氣動機械手氣動系統(tǒng)····································································.49
任務二 數(shù)控加工中心氣動換刀系統(tǒng) ··························································.51
練習題··································································································.53
項目八 氣動系統(tǒng)的安裝調試與維護 ································································.54
任務一 氣動系統(tǒng)的安裝與調試 ································································.54
一、氣動系統(tǒng)的安裝··········································································.54
二、氣動系統(tǒng)的調試··········································································.55
三、氣動系統(tǒng)的使用及維護 ································································.55
任務二 氣動系統(tǒng)的故障分析與排除 ··························································.57
練習題··································································································.60
項目九 液壓傳動概述···················································································.61
任務一 認識液壓系統(tǒng)·············································································.61
一、液壓系統(tǒng)的工作原理····································································.61
二、液壓系統(tǒng)的圖形符號表示 ·····························································.63
任務二 液壓系統(tǒng)的組成及液壓傳動的特點 ·················································.64
一、液壓系統(tǒng)的組成··········································································.64
二、液壓傳動的特點··········································································.65
練習題··································································································.66
項目十 液壓傳動的流體力學基礎····································································.67
任務一 液壓傳動的工作介質····································································.67
一、液壓油的主要物理性質 ································································.67
二、液壓油的分類和選用····································································.68
三、液壓油的污染與控制····································································.70
任務二 液體靜力學基本知識····································································.71
一、液體的壓力················································································.71
二、液體靜力學基本方程····································································.71
三、壓力的傳遞················································································.72
四、壓力的表示方法··········································································.72
五、靜止液體對固體壁面的作用力 ·······················································.72
任務三 液體動力學基本知識····································································.73
一、基本概念···················································································.73
二、流量連續(xù)性方程··········································································.75
任務四 液體流動時的壓力損失 ································································.75
一、沿程壓力損失·············································································.76
二、局部壓力損失·············································································.76
三、管路系統(tǒng)的總壓力損失 ································································.76
任務五 液體流經小孔及縫隙的特性 ··························································.77
一、液體流經小孔的特性····································································.77
二、液體流經縫隙的特性····································································.78
任務六 液壓沖擊和空穴現(xiàn)象····································································.79
一、液壓沖擊···················································································.79
二、空穴現(xiàn)象···················································································.80
練習題··································································································.81
項目十一 液壓動力元件················································································.83
任務一 液壓泵概述················································································.83
一、液壓泵的工作原理及種類 ·····························································.83
二、液壓泵的主要性能參數(shù) ································································.84
任務二 齒輪泵······················································································.87
一、外嚙合齒輪泵的結構組成及工作原理 ··············································.87
二、外嚙合齒輪泵的結構特點 ·····························································.87
任務三 葉片泵······················································································.90
一、雙作用葉片泵·············································································.90
二、單作用葉片泵·············································································.92
任務四 柱塞泵······················································································.94
一、軸向柱塞泵················································································.94
二、徑向柱塞泵················································································.96
任務五 液壓泵的選用·············································································.97
練習題·································································································.103
項目十二 液壓執(zhí)行元件···············································································.104
任務一 液壓馬達··················································································.104
一、液壓馬達的作用和分類 ·······························································.104
二、液壓馬達的主要性能參數(shù) ····························································.106
任務二 液壓缸·····················································································.107
一、液壓缸的類型及其結構特點 ·························································.107
二、液壓缸的典型結構和組成 ····························································.113
練習題·································································································.116
項目十三 液壓控制元件···············································································.118
任務一 概述························································································.118
一、液壓控制閥的基本結構及工作原理 ················································.118
二、液壓控制閥的分類······································································.119
三、液壓控制閥的主要性能參數(shù) ·························································.120
任務二 方向控制閥···············································································.120
一、單向閥·····················································································.120
二、換向閥·····················································································.121
任務三 壓力控制閥···············································································.128
一、溢流閥·····················································································.128
二、減壓閥·····················································································.133
三、順序閥·····················································································.134
四、壓力繼電器···············································································.136
任務四 流量控制閥···············································································.138
一、節(jié)流口的結構形式及流量特性 ······················································.138
二、節(jié)流閥·····················································································.139
三、調速閥·····················································································.140
練習題·································································································.144
項目十四 輔助元件·····················································································.147
任務一 蓄能器·····················································································.147
一、蓄能器的用途············································································.147
二、蓄能器的類型············································································.148
三、蓄能器的安裝與使用···································································.149
任務二 濾油器·····················································································.149
一、濾油器的作用和基本要求 ····························································.149
二、濾油器的類型及特點···································································.150
三、濾油器的安裝與使用···································································.152
任務三 密封裝置··················································································.152
一、密封裝置的作用和要求 ·······························································.152
二、密封裝置的類型和特點 ·······························································.153
練習題·································································································.155
項目十五 液壓基本回路···············································································.156
任務一 方向控制回路············································································.156
一、換向回路··················································································.156
二、鎖緊回路··················································································.157
任務二 壓力控制回路············································································.158
一、調壓回路··················································································.158
二、卸荷回路··················································································.159
三、保壓回路··················································································.161
四、增壓回路··················································································.162
五、減壓回路··················································································.162
六、平衡回路··················································································.163
任務三 速度控制回路············································································.164
一、調速回路··················································································.164
二、增速回路··················································································.173
三、速度換接回路············································································.174
任務四 多缸工作控制回路······································································.176
一、順序動作回路············································································.176
二、同步回路··················································································.179
三、互不干擾回路············································································.180
練習題·································································································.183
項目十六 典型液壓系統(tǒng)···············································································.188
任務一 組合機床動力滑臺液壓系統(tǒng) ·························································.188
一、概述························································································.188
二、YT4543 型動力滑臺液壓系統(tǒng)的工作原理·········································.189
三、YT4543 型動力滑臺液壓系統(tǒng)的特點···············································.191
任務二 數(shù)控車床液壓系統(tǒng)······································································.192
一、卡盤夾緊與松開·········································································.193
二、回轉刀架動作············································································.193
三、尾座套筒伸出與退回···································································.193
任務三 液壓機液壓系統(tǒng)·········································································.194
一、3150kN 通用液壓機液壓系統(tǒng)的工作原理·········································.194
二、3150kN 通用液壓機液壓系統(tǒng)的性能分析·········································.197
練習題·································································································.198
項目十七 液壓系統(tǒng)的安裝調試與維護 ····························································.201
任務一 液壓系統(tǒng)的安裝與調試 ·······························································.201
一、液壓系統(tǒng)的安裝·········································································.201
二、液壓系統(tǒng)的調試·········································································.202
三、液壓系統(tǒng)的使用與維護 ·······························································.203
任務二 液壓系統(tǒng)的故障分析與排除 ·························································.203
一、液壓系統(tǒng)的故障診斷步驟 ····························································.204
二、液壓系統(tǒng)的故障診斷方法 ····························································.204
三、液壓系統(tǒng)的常見故障分析與排除方法 ·············································.205
練習題·································································································.209
附錄 A 常用氣壓與液壓元（輔）件圖形符號（摘自 GB/T 786.1—2021） ················210
參考文獻····································································································.215