Introduction
1 Linguistics and English linguistics
2 Structure of the book
Part I Language System
Overview
Chapter One What Is Language？
1.1 The nature of language
1.1.1 Defininglanguage
1.1.2 The design features of language
1.2 Distinctio between important concept pai inlinguistic study
1.2.1 Synchronic and diachronic
1.2.2 Langue and parole
1.2.3 Competence and performance
1.2.4 Syntagmatic and paradigmatic
Summary

Introduction 
  1 Linguistics and English linguistics
  2 Structure of the book 
  Part I  Language System
  Overview 
Chapter One  What Is Language？ 
  1.1 The nature of language 
  1.1.1 Defininglanguage 
  1.1.2 The design features of language 
  1.2 Distinctio  between important concept pai  inlinguistic study 
  1.2.1 Synchronic and diachronic 
  1.2.2 Langue and parole 
  1.2.3 Competence and performance 
  1.2.4 Syntagmatic and paradigmatic 
  Summary 
  Suggestio  for study 
  Questio  and exercises 
  Mini-research project 
ChapterTwo  Phonetics 
  2.1 Speech orga  
  2.2 Co onants and vowels 
  2.2.1 The International Phonetic Alphabet 
  2.2.2 Describing the English co onants 
  2.2.3 Describing the English vowels 
  Summary 
  Suggestio  for study 
  Questio  and exercises 
  Mini-research project 
Chapter Three  Phonology 
  3.1 Important concepts in phonology 
  3.1.1 Phonemes 
  3.1.2 Minimal pai  and sets 
  3.1.3 Phonemes, phones and allophones 
  3.2 Identifying phonemes 
  3.2.1 Environment and distribution 
  3.2.2 Three types of distribution 
  3.3 Sequences of phonemes 
  3.4 Co-articulation effects 
  3.4.1 Assimilation 
  3.4.2 Elision 
  3.5 Supra-segmental features 
  3.5.1 Stress 
  3.5.2 Tone and intonation 
  3.5.3 Juncture 
  Summary 
  Suggestio  for study 
  Questio  and exercises 
  Mini-research project 
Chapter Four  Morphology 
  4.1 What is morphology？ 
  4.2 Morphemes 
  4.3 Classificatio  of morphemes 
  4.3.1 Roots and affixes 
  4.3.2 Free morphemes and bound morphemes 
  4.3.3 Prefixes, suffixes and infixes 
  4.3.4 Inflectional and derivational affixes 
  4.3.5 Root, base, and stem 
  4.4 Morphemes, morphs and allomorphs 
  4.5 Empty morph and zero morph 
  4.6 Morphemic analysis 
  4.7 The role of morphology in English 
  4.7.1 Grammatical functio  of inflectionalmorphology 
  4.7.2 Derivational morphology and word-formationprocesses 
  Summary 
  Suggestio  for study 
  Questio  and exercises 
  Mini-research project 
Chapter Five  Syntax 
  5.1 Structural description of sentences 
  5.1.1 Syntactic relatio  
  5.1.1.1 Sequential （syntagmatic） relatio  
  5.1.1.2 Substitutional （paradigmatic）relatio  
  5.1.1.3 Hierarchical relatio  
  5.1.2 Labeled IC analysis and the hierarchical structuringof English sentences 
  5.2 Generation of sentences 
  5.2.1 Surface structure and deep structure 
  5.2.2 A general description of phrase structure rules （PSrules） 
  5.2.2.1 Noun phrases and adjective phrases 
  5.2.2.2 Verb phrases and auxiliary phrases 
  5.2.3 Tra formational rules 
  5.2.3.1 T-Affix
  5.2.3.2 Passivization 
  Summary 
  Suggestio  for study 
  Questio  and exercises 
  Mini-research project 
Chapter Six  Semantics 
  6.1 What is meaning？ 
  6.2 Lexical semantics 
  6.2.1 Componential analysis 
  6.2.1.1 What is componential analysis？ 
  6.2.1.2 General and specific semantic features 
  6.2.1.3 Redundant semantic features 
  6.2.1.4 Semantic classes 
  6.2.2 Semantic field 
  6.2.2.1 What is a semantic field？ 
  6.2.2.2 Se e relatio hips 
  6.2.3 Lexical ambiguity 
  6.2.3.1 Polysemy 
  6.2.3.2 Homonymy 
  6.2.4 Collocatio  in English 
  6.3 Sentence semantics 
  6.3.1 What is essential for determining sentencemeaning？ 
  6.3.2 Semantic roles 
  6.3.3 Grammatical functio  and semanticroles 
  6.3.4 Semantic anomaly 
 Summary 
 Suggestio  for study 
 Questio  and exercises 
  Mini-research project 
  Part II  Language Use
  Overview 
Chapter Seven  General Principles of Communication 
  7.1 The Cooperative Principle 
  7. t.1 The four maxims of the CooperativePrinciple 
  7.1.2 Violation of the maxims and conve ationalimplicature 
  7.2 The Politeness Principle 
  7.3 The Principle of Relevance 
  7.3.1 The basic principle 
  7.3.2 Contextual effects and processing effort 
  7.3.3 Optimal relevance 
  Summary 
  Suggestio  for study 
  Questio  and exercises 
  Mini-research project 
Chapter Eight  Intercultural Communication 
  8.1 Important concepts 
  8.1.1 What is culture？ 
  8.1.2 What is communication？ 
  8.1.3 What is intercultural communication？ 
  8.2 Language and culture 
  8.2.1 The impact of language on culture 
  8.2.2 The impact of culture on language 
  8.2.2.1 Impact at the lexicallevel 
  8.2.2.2 Impact at the discou e level 
  8.3 Dive e intercultural communicationpatter  
  8.3.1 Low-context and high-context communication 
  8.3.2 Direct and indirect verbal communication 
  8.3.3 Pe on-oriented and status-oriented verbalcommunication 
  8.3.4 Self-enhancement and self-effacementcommunication 
  8.4 Potential problems in interculturalcommunication 
  8.4.1 Seeking similarities 
  8.4.2 Stereotyping 
  8.4.3 Prejudice 
  8.4.4 Ethnocentrism 
  8.4.5 Culture shock 
  Summary 
  Suggestio  for study 
  Questio  and exercises 
  Mini-research project 
Chapter Nine  Language Variety 
  9.1 Language--dialect--regional dialect--socialdialect 
  9.1.1 Language and dialect 
  9.1.2 Regional dialects 
  9.1.3 Social dialects 
  9.2 Lingua franca--pidgin--creole 
  9.2.1 Lingua franca 
  9.2.2 Pidgin 
  9.2.3 Creole 
  9.3 Style--genre--taboo--euphemism 
  9.3.1 Style 
  9.3.2 Genre 
  9.3.3 Taboo 
  9.3.4 Euphemism 
  9.4 Gender and language use 
  Summary 
  Suggestio  for study 
  Questio  and exercises 
  Mini-research project 
  Part III  Language Learning
  Overview 
Chapter Ten  Major Issues in SLA 
  10.1 Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis 
  10.2 Error Analysis 
  10.3 The Interlanguage Hypothesis 
  10.4 The Monitor Model 
  10.5 The Output Hypothesis 
  10.6 The Open-Choice Principle and the IdiomPrinciple 
  Summary 
  Suggestio  for study 
  Questio  and exercises 
  Mini-research project 
Chapter Eleven  Facto  Affecting Second LanguageLearning 
  11.1 Facto  not easily modified bylearne  
  11.1.1 Anxiety 
  11.1.2 Inhibition and risk-taking 
  11.1.3 Extrove ion/Introve ion 
  11.2 Facto  easily modified by learne  
  11.2.1 Motivation and attitudes 
  11.2.2 Self-esteem 
  11.2.3 Learner strategies 
  11.2.3.1 Language learning strategies 
  11.2.3.2 Language use strategies 
  11.2.3.3 Differences between effective and ineffectivelearne  
  Summary 
  Suggestio  for study 
  Questio  and exercises 
  Mini-research project 
Chapter Twelve  Developing an Intercultural CommunicativeCompetence 
  12.1 A brief review of current models of second languagecompetence 
  12.2 Why are current models inadequate？ 
  12.3 A model of intercultural communicativecompetence 
  12.4 Intercultural competence in communicative languageuse 
  Summary 
  Suggestio  for study 
  Questio  and exercises 
  Mini-research project 
 References