本書為國際上*為經(jīng)典的描述骨科與創(chuàng)傷外科手術(shù)入路的圖譜之一,被美國骨科醫(yī)師協(xié)會列入美國骨科?漆t(yī)師培訓(xùn)階段推薦書目,即PGY2 階段閱讀節(jié)目。其通過新穎的編寫理念、簡潔的文字風(fēng)格以及精美的手術(shù)解剖插圖表現(xiàn)出來的手術(shù)入路展示方式,重新定義了臨床教授骨科手術(shù)入路的方式和規(guī)范。自1987 年第1 版問世后本書便得到了業(yè)內(nèi)的高度贊譽(yù),是臨床骨科醫(yī)生案頭必備的參考書。
新版沿承了第1 版的編寫風(fēng)格,內(nèi)容包括四個(gè)部分,按照人體的部位逐步展開,包括脊柱(前路和后路)、骨盆與下肢、肩部與上肢,基本涵蓋了臨床上常用的各個(gè)部位手術(shù)入路。對每一種入路的介紹包括主要適應(yīng)證、患者準(zhǔn)備、體位、麻醉和切口、顯露、傷口關(guān)閉。其中重點(diǎn)部分為顯露,以大量繪制精美、解剖層次清晰細(xì)致的線條圖,結(jié)合精練的文字說明,將手術(shù)顯露的過程一步步清晰地展現(xiàn)給讀者。
國際上*為經(jīng)典的描述骨科與創(chuàng)傷外科手術(shù)入路的圖譜之一
被美國骨科醫(yī)師協(xié)會列入美國骨科?漆t(yī)師培訓(xùn)階段推薦書目
編寫理念新穎、文字風(fēng)格簡潔,手術(shù)解剖插圖精美
臨床骨科醫(yī)生案頭必備的參考書
對于手術(shù)醫(yī)生來說,準(zhǔn)確和清晰的入路顯露,既方便手術(shù)中完成觀察和操作,又盡可能減輕或避免手術(shù)造成的損傷,無疑是手術(shù)的最基本也是最重要的一環(huán)。直接或間接的經(jīng)驗(yàn)告訴我們:幾乎每一位手術(shù)醫(yī)生的成長,都是從熟悉和掌握一種手術(shù)入路開始的。
然而,當(dāng)前似乎出現(xiàn)了一種新的現(xiàn)象,當(dāng)然實(shí)質(zhì)上還是一種假象。這主要來自兩大方面的原因。第一,因?yàn)樾畔⒒途W(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和移動終端似乎可以隨手獲取各種手術(shù)方法和技術(shù)的資源,讓外科醫(yī)生特別是年輕的外科醫(yī)生獲得了便捷、高效的學(xué)習(xí)途徑。這無疑是科技發(fā)展帶來的巨大裨益,但也容易為外科醫(yī)生帶來另一個(gè)誘惑,那就是直接獲取手術(shù)操作特別是各種固定技術(shù)的細(xì)節(jié),而忽視了手術(shù)前期的一些重要技術(shù)細(xì)節(jié),特別是手術(shù)入路的選擇和實(shí)施。第二,因?yàn)橥饪萍夹g(shù)也在日新月異地發(fā)展,微創(chuàng)、導(dǎo)航、機(jī)器人輔助等技術(shù)不斷被應(yīng)用于臨床,毫無疑問這是外科技術(shù)發(fā)展的一個(gè)重要趨勢,但也帶來一個(gè)新的問題,少數(shù)醫(yī)生因?yàn)閭(gè)人興趣的原因或者單位(團(tuán)隊(duì))規(guī)劃的原因,直接掌握了這些微創(chuàng)的手術(shù)技術(shù),但還沒有掌握足夠的相應(yīng)的開放手術(shù)技術(shù)。在他們看來,似乎很多傳統(tǒng)的手術(shù)入路是過時(shí)的或者無用的。
然而,從我從事骨科醫(yī)生這個(gè)職業(yè) 26 年來的體會來看,這種想法是錯(cuò)誤的,有時(shí)甚至是有一定危險(xiǎn)的。作為一名成熟和負(fù)責(zé)任的手術(shù)醫(yī)生,熟練掌握與將要施行的手術(shù)相關(guān)的所有入路其實(shí)是非常重要的。因?yàn),對入路的熟悉和掌握就意味著對手術(shù)局部解剖的熟悉和掌握。而且,任何一種手術(shù)計(jì)劃在手術(shù)過程中都可能因?yàn)榫唧w情況變化而變得不合適或者不可行,這時(shí)候就需要隨時(shí)切換成替代方案。而這在計(jì)劃的微創(chuàng)或?qū)Ш绞中g(shù)中就隨時(shí)可能發(fā)生,而替代手術(shù)方案往往是常規(guī)的開放性手術(shù)。因此,開展微創(chuàng)手術(shù)之前,應(yīng)該先有開展常規(guī)開放性手術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)的說法可能不一定那么絕對,但在當(dāng)前往往還是有道理的。所以,無論開放性手術(shù)還是微創(chuàng)手術(shù),手術(shù)者都應(yīng)當(dāng)盡快熟練掌握與之相關(guān)的所有入路和手術(shù)技術(shù),這一點(diǎn)是非常重要的。
很高興有機(jī)會和志同道合的同行一起,利用繁忙的醫(yī)教研工作之余的點(diǎn)滴時(shí)間,將這部權(quán)威的專著翻譯成中文,奉獻(xiàn)給大家。作為美國骨科醫(yī)師協(xié)會(AAOS)推薦的臨床培訓(xùn)和考試書目,本書的價(jià)值和實(shí)用性無須贅述。我們希望這本最新版的《骨科手術(shù)入路圖解》,能為大家?guī)硪稽c(diǎn)幫助,并受到你們的喜愛。
張 偉
主任醫(yī)師,博士生導(dǎo)師
上海交通大學(xué)附屬第六人民醫(yī)院骨科
2019 年 5 月
Fridun Kerschbaumer,德國法蘭克福紅十字醫(yī)院骨科主任、教授;Kuno Weise,德國圖賓根大學(xué)創(chuàng)傷醫(yī)院主席、教授;Carl Joachim Wirth,德國漢諾威醫(yī)學(xué)院骨科主任、教授;Alexander R.Vaccaro,美國賓夕法尼亞Thomas Jefferson大學(xué)骨科主任、教授。
脊柱,前路手術(shù)
Spine, Anterior Approaches /1
1 頸椎與頸胸椎交界區(qū) Cervical Spine and Cervicothoracic Junction /2
1.1 C1~C2(C3)經(jīng)口入路 /2
Transoropharyngeal Approach C1-C2(C3)
1.2 C3~T2 前方入路 /4
Anterior Approach to the Cervical Spine C3-T2
1.3 下頸椎及上胸椎前方入路(Cauchoix,Binet 及 Evrard 入路)/13
Anterior Approach to the Lower Cervical and Upper Thoracic Spine C4-T3 According to Cauchoix, Binet, and Evrard
2 胸椎 Thoracic Spine /18
2.1 T4~T11 經(jīng)胸腔入路 /18
Transthoracic Approach to the Thoracic Spine T4-T11
2.2 前方經(jīng)胸膜入路顯露 T3~T11(Louis 入路)/29
Anterior Transpleural Approach to the Spine T3-T11 According to Louis
2.3 高位胸廓開胸術(shù)(T1~T4)/33
High Thoracotomy T1-T4
2.4 微創(chuàng)胸腔鏡輔助下胸椎手術(shù) /37
Thoracoscopic and Minimally Invasive, Thoracoscopy-Assisted Access to the Thoracic Spine
3 胸腰椎交界區(qū) Thoracolumbar Junction /43
3.1 脊柱 T9~L5 水平經(jīng)腹膜后胸膜外入路(Hodgson 入路)/43
Retroperitoneal Extrapleural Approach to the Thoracolumbar Spine T9-L5 According to Hodgson
3.2 胸腰椎 T4~L5 雙重開胸入路(Bauer 入路)/55
Approach to Thoracolumbar Spine with Two-fold Thoracotomy T4-L5 According to Bauer
3.3 腹膜后胸膜外胸腰椎 T11~L5 入路(Mirbaha 入路)/59
Retroperitoneal Extrapleural Approach to Thoracolumbar Spine T11-L5 According to Mirbaha
4 腰椎及腰骶椎交界區(qū) Lumbar Spine and Lumbosacral Junction /65
4.1 經(jīng)腹膜后入路顯露 L2~L5 /65
Retroperitoneal Approach to the Lumbar Spine L2-L5
4.2 經(jīng)腹膜入路顯露腰骶椎交界區(qū)(L4~S1)/69
Transperitoneal Approach to the Lumbosacral Junction L4-S1
4.3 微創(chuàng)經(jīng)側(cè)方入路顯露 L2~L5 /73
Minimally Invasive Lateral Approach to the Lumbar Spine L2-L5
脊柱,后路手術(shù)
Spine, Posterior Approaches /77
5 頸椎 Cervical Spine /78
5.1 頸椎與枕頸交界區(qū)后路手術(shù) /78
Posterior Approach to the Cervical Spine and Occipitocervical Junction
6 胸椎和腰椎 Thoracic and Lumbar Spine /83
6.1 T3~T10 肋橫突關(guān)節(jié)切除入路 /83
Costotransversectomy T3-T10
6.2 胸腰椎后入路 /87
Posterior Approach to the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine
6.3 腰骶交界區(qū) Wiltse 椎旁肌入路 /93
Paraspinal Approach to the Lumbosacral Junction According to Wiltse
6.4 椎板切開術(shù)及椎間盤摘除術(shù)的后路短切口入路 /94
Short Posterior Approach to the Lumbar Spine for Laminotomy and Removal of an Intervertebral Disk
骨盆與下肢
Pelvis and Lower Extremity /99
7 骨盆:骨盆環(huán) Pelvis: Pelvic Ring /100
7.1 恥骨聯(lián)合與骨盆前環(huán)入路 /100
Approach to the Symphysis and Anterior Pelvis
7.2 骨盆后環(huán)前方入路 /102
Anterior Approach to the Posterior Pelvis
7.3 骶骨后側(cè)入路 /104
Posterior Approach to the Sacrum
7.4 置入骶髂螺釘?shù)膫?cè)方微創(chuàng)入路 /105
Lateral Minimally Invasive Approach for Trans-sacroiliac Screw Placement
7.5 坐骨和恥骨入路 /106
Approach to the Ischium and Pubis
8 骨盆:髖臼 Pelvis: Acetabulum /109
8.1 髂腹股溝入路(Letournel 入路)/109
Ilioinguinal Approach According to Letournel
8.2 髖關(guān)節(jié)后側(cè)入路(Kocher-Langenbeck 入路)/114
Posterior Approach to the Hip According to Kocher-Langenbeck
8.3 前側(cè)微創(chuàng)入路(Stoppa 入路)/118
Anterior Limited Approach According to Stoppa
8.4 Judet 經(jīng)髂骨入路 /120
Transiliac Approach According to Judet
8.5 Judet 髖臼入路 /124
Approach to the Acetabulum According to Judet
9 髖關(guān)節(jié) Hip Joint /128
9.1 髖關(guān)節(jié)脫位后側(cè)入路(Ganz 入路)/128
Posterior Approach to the Hip Joint with Dislocation According to Ganz
9.2 后側(cè)微創(chuàng)入路 /131
Posterior Minimally Invasive Approach
9.3 經(jīng)臀肌入路(Bauer 入路)/135
Transgluteal Approach According to Bauer
9.4 經(jīng)臀肌微創(chuàng)入路 /138
Minimally Invasive Transgluteal Approach
9.5 髖關(guān)節(jié)前外側(cè)入路 /141
Anterolateral Approach to the Hip Joint
9.6 髖關(guān)節(jié)前外側(cè)微創(chuàng)入路 /145
Minimally Invasive Anterolateral Approach to the Hip Joint
9.7 髖關(guān)節(jié)前側(cè)入路 /149
Anterior Approach to the Hip Joint
9.8 前側(cè)微創(chuàng)入路 /152
Anterior Minimally Invasive Approach
9.9 髖關(guān)節(jié)關(guān)節(jié)鏡入路 /156
Arthroscopic Approaches to the Hip Joint
10 股骨 Femur /161
10.1 前側(cè)入路 /161
Anterior Approach
10.2 股骨骨髓腔的外側(cè)近端入路 /164
Lateral Proximal Approach to the Medullary Cavity of the Femur
10.3 股骨外側(cè)入路 /165
Lateral Approach to the Femur
10.3a 外側(cè)入路:常規(guī)顯露 /165
Lateral ApproachGeneral Points
10.3b 外側(cè)入路:顯露股骨近端 /165
Lateral ApproachExposure of the Proximal Femur
10.3c 外側(cè)入路:顯露股骨遠(yuǎn)端 /168
Lateral ApproachExposure of the Distal Femur
10.4 外側(cè)微創(chuàng)入路 /171
Minimally Invasive Lateral Approach to the Femur
10.5 內(nèi)側(cè)入路 /173
Medial Approach to the Femur
10.6 后側(cè)入路 /177
Posterior Approach to Femur
10.7 股骨遠(yuǎn)端經(jīng)關(guān)節(jié)的髓腔入路 /182
Transarticular Medullary Cavity Approach to the Distal Femur
11 膝關(guān)節(jié) Knee /183
11.1 前內(nèi)側(cè)微創(chuàng)入路 /183
Anteromedial Minimally Invasive Approaches to the Knee Joint
11.2 前內(nèi)側(cè)髕旁入路 /187
Anteromedial Parapatellar Approach
11.3 小切口內(nèi)側(cè)入路 /193
Short Medial Approach to the Knee
11.4 前外側(cè)入路 /195
Anterolateral Approach to the Knee Joint
11.5 后外側(cè)入路(Henderson 入路)/197
Posterolateral Approach According to Henderson
11.6 后側(cè)入路(Trickey 入路)/199
Posterior Approach to the Knee Joint According to Trickey
11.7 關(guān)節(jié)鏡入路 /204
Arthroscopic Approaches
12 小腿 Lower Leg /207
12.1 脛骨骨髓腔的近端入路 /207
Proximal Approach to the Medullary Cavity of the Tibia
12.2 脛骨平臺的直接后側(cè)入路 /209
Direct Posterior Approach to the Tibial Plateau
12.3 脛骨平臺的后內(nèi)側(cè)入路 /211
Posteromedial Approach to the Tibial Plateau
12.4 經(jīng)腓骨截骨的脛骨平臺后外側(cè)入路 /213
Posterolateral Approach to the Tibial Plateau with Osteotomy of the Fibula
12.5 脛腓骨的后外側(cè)入路 /216
Posterolateral Approach to the Tibia and Fibula
12.6 脛骨干的后內(nèi)側(cè)入路 /220
Posteromedial Approach to the Tibial Shaft
12.7 脛骨內(nèi)側(cè)和外側(cè)微創(chuàng)入路 /222
Minimally Invasive Approach to the Medial and Lateral Tibia
12.8 腓骨外側(cè)入路 /227
Lateral Approach to the Fibula
13 足 Foot /230
13.1 踝關(guān)節(jié)前側(cè)入路 /230
Anterior Approach to the Ankle Joint
13.2 踝關(guān)節(jié)和距跟舟關(guān)節(jié)的前外側(cè)入路 /233
Anterolateral Approach to the Ankle Joint and Talocalcaneonavicular Joint
13.3 Cincinnati 入路 /236
Cincinnati Approach
13.4 踝關(guān)節(jié)和距跟舟關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)側(cè)的后內(nèi)側(cè)入路 /241
Posteromedial Approach to the Ankle Joint and the Medial Side of the Talocalcaneonavicular Joint
13.5 踝關(guān)節(jié)背外側(cè)入路 /246
Dorsolateral Approach to the Ankle Joint
13.6 經(jīng)內(nèi)踝截骨的踝關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)側(cè)入路 /249
Medial Exposure of the Ankle Joint with Osteotomy of the Medial Malleolus
13.7 關(guān)節(jié)鏡入路 /251
Arthroscopic Approaches
13.8 內(nèi)踝內(nèi)側(cè)入路 /253
Medial Approach to the Medial Malleolus
13.9 外踝入路 /254
Approach to the Lateral Malleolus
13.10 跟骨外側(cè)入路 /255
Lateral Approach to the Calcaneus
13.11 跟骨和距跟舟關(guān)節(jié)的外側(cè)入路 /256
Lateral Approach to the Calcaneus and Talocalcaneonavicular Joint
13.12 跟骨內(nèi)側(cè)入路 /258
Medial Approach to the Calcaneus
13.13 距跟舟關(guān)節(jié)外側(cè)入路 /259
Lateral Approach to the Talocalcaneonavicular Joint
13.14 跖骨關(guān)節(jié)前側(cè)入路 /262
Anterior Approach to the Metatarsal Joints
13.15 跖跗關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)側(cè)入路 /264
Medial Approach to the Tarsometatarsal Joints
13.16 跖趾關(guān)節(jié)足底入路 /267
Plantar Approach to the Metatarsophalangeal Joints
13.17 第 1 跖趾關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)側(cè)入路 /270
Medial Approach to the Metatarsophalangeal Joint of the Great Toe
13.18 跖骨、跖趾關(guān)節(jié)和趾間關(guān)節(jié)后側(cè)入路 /272
Posterior Approaches to the Metatarsal Bones, Metatarsophalangeal Joint, and Interphalangeal Joint
13.19 趾屈肌腱的足底入路 /272
Plantar Approach to the Toe Flexor Tendons
13.20 第 2 趾伸肌入路 /273
Extensor Approach to the Second Toe
肩部與上肢
Shoulder and Upper Extremity /277
14 肩胛骨與鎖骨 Scapula and Clavicle /278
14.1 鎖骨與肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)的手術(shù)入路 /278
Approach to the Clavicle and Acromioclavicular Joint
14.2 胸鎖關(guān)節(jié)的手術(shù)入路 /280
Approach to the Sternoclavicular Joint
14.3 肩胛骨的手術(shù)入路 /281
Approach to the Scapula
15 肩關(guān)節(jié) Shoulder /287
15.1 肩關(guān)節(jié)前方入路 /287
Anterior Approach to the Shoulder Joint
15.2 顯露肱骨近端的肩關(guān)節(jié)前方延長入路 /292
Extended Anterior Approach to the Shoulder Joint with Exposure of the Proximal Humerus
15.3 肩關(guān)節(jié)前上入路 /293
Anterosuperior Approach to the Shoulder Joint
15.4 前外側(cè)入路(Bigliani 入路)/294
Anterolateral Approach According to Bigliani
15.5 后上方入路(Gschwend 入路)/296
Posterosuperior Approach According to Gschwend
15.6 肩關(guān)節(jié)后方入路 /297
Posterior Approach to the Shoulder Joint
15.7 肩關(guān)節(jié)鏡手術(shù)入路 /299
Arthroscopic Approach to the Shoulder
16 肱骨 Humerus /306
16.1 肱骨近端手術(shù)入路 /306
Proximal Approach to the Humerus
16.2 肱骨后方入路 /307
Posterior Approach to the Humerus
16.3 肱骨遠(yuǎn)端后方入路 /310
Distal Posterior Approach to the Humerus
16.4 肱骨前方入路 /311
Anterior Approach to the Humerus
16.5 肱骨外側(cè)入路 /316
Lateral Approach to the Humerus
16.6 肱骨內(nèi)側(cè)入路 /319
Medial Approach to the Humerus
17 肘關(guān)節(jié) Elbow /322
17.1 肘關(guān)節(jié)后方入路 /322
Posterior Approach to the Elbow Joint
17.2 肘關(guān)節(jié)外側(cè)入路 /329
Lateral Approach to the Elbow Joint
17.3 肘關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)側(cè)入路 /334
Medial Approach to the Elbow Joint
17.4 肘關(guān)節(jié)前方入路 /337
Anterior Approach to the Elbow Joint
17.5 肘關(guān)節(jié)鏡入路 /342
Approaches for Elbow Arthroscopy
18 前臂 Forearm /346
18.1 橈骨前方入路(Henry 入路)/346
Anterior Approach to the Radius According to Henry
18.2 橈骨背外側(cè)入路(Thompson 入路)/349
Dorsolateral Approach to the Radius According to Thompson
18.3 近端橈骨與尺骨手術(shù)入路(Boyd 入路)/352
Approach to the Proximal Parts of the Radius and Ulna According to Boyd
18.4 尺骨外側(cè)入路 /354
Lateral Approach to the Ulna
18.5 橈骨遠(yuǎn)端的背側(cè)入路 /356
Posterior Approach to the Distal Part of the Radius
18.6 尺骨遠(yuǎn)端的手術(shù)入路 /358
Approach to the Distal Portion of the Ulna
18.7 橈骨遠(yuǎn)端的掌側(cè)入路 /359
Palmar Approach to the Distal Part of the Radius
19 腕關(guān)節(jié) Wrist /362
19.1 鏡下腕管松解的微創(chuàng)入路 /362
Minimally Invasive Approach for Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Division
19.2 腕關(guān)節(jié)的背側(cè)入路 /365
Posterior Approach to the Wrist
19.3 腕關(guān)節(jié)的掌側(cè)入路 /368
Palmar Approach to the Wrist
19.4 腕關(guān)節(jié)鏡入路 /372
Approach for Arthroscopy
20 手部 Hand /376
20.1 手部掌側(cè)入路(Skoog 入路)/376
Approach to the Palm According to Skoog
20.2 Guyon 管尺神經(jīng)顯露 /380
Exposure of the Ulnar Nerve in the Canal of Guyon
20.3 腕舟骨的掌側(cè)入路 /382
Palmar Approach to the Scaphoid
20.4 拇指腕掌關(guān)節(jié)的入路 /384
Approach to the Carpometacarpal Joint of the Thumb
20.5 第 1 伸肌間室的入路 /386
Approach to the First Extensor Tendon Compartment
20.6 手背和手指的背側(cè)切口 /387
Dorsal Incisions Over the Dorsum of the Hand and Fingers
20.6a 背側(cè)切口:常規(guī)顯露 /387
Dorsal IncisionsGeneral Points
20.6b 掌指關(guān)節(jié)的背側(cè)入路 /387
Dorsal Approach to the Metacarpophalangeal Joint
20.6c 近節(jié)指間關(guān)節(jié)的背側(cè)入路 /389
Dorsal Approach to the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint
20.6d 需要切斷側(cè)副韌帶的近側(cè)指間關(guān)節(jié)背側(cè)入路 /390
Dorsal Approach to the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Involving Transection of the Collateral Ligament
20.6e 遠(yuǎn)側(cè)指間關(guān)節(jié)的背側(cè)入路 /392
Dorsal Approach to the Distal Interphalangeal Joint
20.7 手指屈肌腱的入路 /393
Approach to the Finger Flexor Tendons
20.8 指屈肌腱和近側(cè)指間關(guān)節(jié)的掌側(cè)顯露 /395
Palmar Exposure of the Flexor Tendon and Proximal Interphalangeal Joint
20.9 指屈肌腱的側(cè)方中線切口 /397
Approach to the Finger Flexor Tendon Via the Midlateral Incision
20.10 拇指環(huán)形韌帶的入路 /400
Approach to the Annular Ligament of the Thumb
附錄 專業(yè)術(shù)語英漢對照 /404