目 錄
第1 章 緒論 ································································································.1
1.1 蒸發(fā)波導的研究背景與意義 ··································································.1
1.2 蒸發(fā)波導的研究歷史和現(xiàn)狀 ··································································.5
1.2.1 蒸發(fā)波導修正折射率剖面的測量方法和預測模型研究 ························.7
1.2.2 蒸發(fā)波導高度時空分布規(guī)律研究 ·················································.10
1.2.3 蒸發(fā)波導環(huán)境特性實時監(jiān)測及短期預報方法研究 ····························.12
1.2.4 蒸發(fā)波導中的電磁波傳播理論和傳播模型研究 ·······························.14
1.2.5 蒸發(fā)波導對船載電子系統(tǒng)的應用影響研究 ·····································.16
1.3 本書的主要內(nèi)容 ···············································································.16
本章參考文獻 ·························································································.18
第2 章 蒸發(fā)波導的基本概念 ·········································································.24
2.1 對流層折射 ·····················································································.24
2.1.1 球面分層大氣中的折射定律 ·······················································.24
2.1.2 射線的曲率半徑 ······································································.25
2.1.3 折射的分類 ············································································.26
2.1.4 修正折射率 ············································································.28
2.2 對流層大氣波導的分類 ······································································.29
本章小結(jié) ·······························································································.30
本章參考文獻 ·························································································.30
第3 章 蒸發(fā)波導預測模型 ············································································.31
3.1 大氣運動的基本概念 ·········································································.31
3.1.1 大氣運動的基本方程 ································································.31
3.1.2 大氣中尺度環(huán)流 ······································································.31
3.1.3 莫寧-奧布霍夫相似理論 ····························································.32
3.2 蒸發(fā)波導預測模型——PJ 模型 ····························································.33
3.2.1 PJ 模型的基本理論 ···································································.33
3.2.2 計算機仿真結(jié)果 ······································································.35
3.3 蒸發(fā)波導預測模型——偽折射率模型 ···················································.37
3.3.1 偽折射率模型的基本理論 ··························································.37
3.3.2 計算機仿真結(jié)果 ······································································.40
3.4 蒸發(fā)波導預測模型——NPS 模型 ·························································.41
3.4.1 NPS 模型 ···············································································.42
3.4.2 NPS 模型在穩(wěn)定條件下的改進 ····················································.44
3.5 蒸發(fā)波導高度對氣象要素的敏感性分析 ················································.46
3.6 冷空氣條件下不同蒸發(fā)波導預測模型的對比 ··········································.48
3.6.1 4 種蒸發(fā)波導預測模型的對比 ·····················································.49
3.6.2 冷空氣條件下的電磁波傳播實驗 ·················································.56
本章小結(jié) ·······························································································.63
本章參考文獻 ·························································································.63
第4 章 蒸發(fā)波導高度時空分布規(guī)律 ································································.65
4.1 蒸發(fā)波導統(tǒng)計分析的方法與數(shù)據(jù)源 ······················································.65
4.2 世界海洋蒸發(fā)波導高度的時空分布規(guī)律及其成因分析 ······························.70
4.2.1 世界海洋蒸發(fā)波導高度的時空分布規(guī)律 ········································.70
4.2.2 世界海洋蒸發(fā)波導高度的時空分布規(guī)律的成因分析 ·························.74
4.3 西太平洋蒸發(fā)波導高度的時空分布規(guī)律及其成因分析 ······························.77
4.3.1 西太平洋蒸發(fā)波導高度的時空分布規(guī)律 ········································.77
4.3.2 西太平洋蒸發(fā)波導高度的時空分布規(guī)律的成因分析 ·························.82
4.4 中國南海蒸發(fā)波導高度的時空分布規(guī)律及其成因分析 ······························.87
4.4.1 中國南海蒸發(fā)波導高度的時空分布規(guī)律 ········································.88
4.4.2 中國南海蒸發(fā)波導高度的時空分布規(guī)律的成因分析 ·························.94
4.5 亞丁灣蒸發(fā)波導高度的時空分布規(guī)律及其成因分析 ·································.96
4.5.1 亞丁灣蒸發(fā)波導高度的時空分布規(guī)律 ···········································.97
4.5.2 亞丁灣蒸發(fā)波導高度的時空分布規(guī)律的成因分析 ···························.104
4.6 蒸發(fā)波導高度時空分布規(guī)律的實驗驗證 ···············································.106
4.6.1 海上實驗概況 ········································································.106
4.6.2 海上實驗結(jié)果 ········································································.107
本章小結(jié) ······························································································.108
本章參考文獻 ························································································.109
第5 章 蒸發(fā)波導環(huán)境特性實時監(jiān)測及短期預報方法 ·········································.110
5.1 蒸發(fā)波導環(huán)境特性實時監(jiān)測方法 ························································.110
5.1.1 蒸發(fā)波導環(huán)境特性實時監(jiān)測方法概述 ··········································.110
5.1.2 船載氣象觀測系統(tǒng)的組成及其測量數(shù)據(jù)的可靠性分析 ·····················.111
5.1.3 蒸發(fā)波導預測模型對氣象參數(shù)誤差敏感性分析 ······························.116
5.1.4 傳感器類型選擇及其安裝位置建議 ·············································.122
5.2 蒸發(fā)波導環(huán)境特性短期預報方法 ························································.123
5.2.1 基于GFS 數(shù)據(jù)的蒸發(fā)波導環(huán)境特性短期預報方法 ··························.123
5.2.2 基于WRF 模型的蒸發(fā)波導環(huán)境特性短期預報方法 ·························.126
本章小結(jié) ······························································································.131
本章參考文獻 ························································································.131
第6 章 蒸發(fā)波導與海水蒸發(fā)量的關系 ···························································.132
6.1 概述 ·····························································································.132
6.2 數(shù)據(jù)和方法 ····················································································.133
6.2.1 數(shù)據(jù)·····················································································.133
6.2.2 數(shù)據(jù)處理與分析方法 ·······························································.135
6.3 蒸發(fā)波導高度和蒸發(fā)量關系的定性分析 ···············································.135
6.3.1 蒸發(fā)波導高度和蒸發(fā)量時空演變的基本特征 ·································.135
6.3.2 蒸發(fā)波導高度和蒸發(fā)量經(jīng)驗正交函數(shù)分析結(jié)果 ······························.137
6.3.3 海面風速和海水表面溫度的相對影響分析 ····································.140
6.4 通過蒸發(fā)量定量估算蒸發(fā)波導高度 ·····················································.144
6.4.1 氣海環(huán)境因素的敏感性分析 ······················································.144
6.4.2 定量關系的統(tǒng)計分析 ·······························································.146
本章小結(jié) ······························································································.150
本章參考文獻 ························································································.150
第7 章 蒸發(fā)波導中的電磁波傳播模型 ···························································.153
7.1 射線追蹤模型 ·················································································.153
7.1.1 射線追蹤模型簡介 ··································································.153
7.1.2 射線及幾何光學的基本原理 ······················································.153
7.1.3 射線追蹤模型的推導 ·······························································.154
7.2 拋物方程模型 ·················································································.156
7.2.1 拋物方程簡介 ········································································.156
7.2.2 拋物方程模型的推導 ·······························································.156
7.2.3 拋物方程的解法 ·····································································.159
7.2.4 邊界條件、初始場及電磁波傳播路徑損失 ····································.165
7.3 混合模型 ·······················································································.168
本章小結(jié) ······························································································.168
本章參考文獻 ························································································.169
第8 章 海洋蒸發(fā)波導中的電磁波傳播特性 ·····················································.170
8.1 水平均勻蒸發(fā)波導中的電磁波傳播仿真結(jié)果 ·········································.170
8.1.1 射線追蹤模型下水平均勻蒸發(fā)波導中的電磁波傳播仿真結(jié)果 ············.170
8.1.2 拋物方程模型下水平均勻蒸發(fā)波導中的電磁波傳播仿真結(jié)果 ············.170
8.2 水平不均勻蒸發(fā)波導對電磁波傳播的影響 ············································.173
8.2.1 水平不均勻蒸發(fā)波導特性分析 ···················································.173
8.2.2 仿真計算 ··············································································.175
8.2.3 海上實驗結(jié)果及分析 ·······························································.180
8.3 海上障礙物對蒸發(fā)波導中的電磁波傳播的影響 ······································.184
8.3.1 障礙物模型 ···········································································.184
8.3.2 仿真計算 ··············································································.185
8.3.3 海上實驗結(jié)果及分析 ·······························································.190
8.4 海面粗糙度對蒸發(fā)波導中的電磁波超視距傳播的影響 ·····························.194
8.4.1 海面粗糙度的計算方法 ····························································.194
8.4.2 仿真計算結(jié)果及分析 ·······························································.195
8.5 海洋蒸發(fā)波導信道的多徑效應分析及實驗 ············································.197
8.5.1 模型的理論和方法 ··································································.198
8.5.2 仿真條件計算結(jié)果及分析 ·························································.198
8.5.3 實驗數(shù)據(jù)及解釋 ·····································································.201
8.6 蒸發(fā)波導信道的頻率響應 ··································································.205
8.6.1 頻率響應的計算方法 ·······························································.205
8.6.2 仿真計算 ··············································································.206
8.6.3 海上實驗及結(jié)果分析 ·······························································.210
本章小結(jié) ······························································································.214
本章參考文獻 ························································································.215
第9 章 蒸發(fā)波導數(shù)據(jù)傳輸系統(tǒng) ····································································.217
9.1 蒸發(fā)波導數(shù)據(jù)傳輸系統(tǒng)的輔助決策方法 ···············································.217
9.1.1 蒸發(fā)波導信道的路徑損失 ·························································.218
9.1.2 通信系統(tǒng)能力的計算 ·······························································.219
9.1.3 輔助決策方法的確定 ·······························································.220
9.2 蒸發(fā)波導數(shù)據(jù)傳輸系統(tǒng)的參數(shù)優(yōu)化 ·····················································.221
9.2.1 最優(yōu)天線高度 ········································································.221
9.2.2 最優(yōu)工作頻率 ········································································.223
9.3 蒸發(fā)波導數(shù)據(jù)傳輸系統(tǒng)的可通概率 ·····················································.224
9.3.1 可通概率的計算方法 ·······························································.224
9.3.2 可通概率計算結(jié)果 ··································································.225
9.4 海上實驗驗證 ·················································································.229
9.4.1 實驗概況 ··············································································.229
9.4.2 實驗驗證結(jié)果 ········································································.230
本章小結(jié) ······························································································.231
第10 章 蒸發(fā)波導反演方法 ·········································································.232
10.1 蒸發(fā)波導反演的概況 ······································································.232
10.2 利用電磁波傳播路徑損失反演蒸發(fā)波導修正折射率剖面 ·························.234
10.2.1 利用基于地形拋物方程模型得到的路徑損失反演蒸發(fā)波導修正折射率
剖面的方法 ··········································································.234
10.2.2 TPEM 模型對電磁波傳播路徑損失的數(shù)值模擬及反演仿真 ··············.235
10.3 利用雷達海雜波反演蒸發(fā)波導修正折射率剖面 ·····································.239
10.3.1 反演步驟及過程 ····································································.239
10.3.2 雷達海雜波相關模型和功率求解 ···············································.241
10.3.3 正向模型的數(shù)值模擬及反演仿真 ···············································.246
本章小結(jié) ······························································································.248
本章參考文獻 ························································································.249
第11 章 基于BP 神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡算法的蒸發(fā)波導預測模型 ··········································.250
11.1 基于BP 神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡算法的蒸發(fā)波導建模基本原理 ···································.250
11.1.1 BP 神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡算法 ···································································.250
11.1.2 訓練及驗證數(shù)據(jù) ····································································.253
11.1.3 訓練次數(shù)對均方根誤差的影響 ··················································.254
11.2 穩(wěn)定與不穩(wěn)定條件下的訓練結(jié)果對蒸發(fā)波導預測模型的影響 ···················.259
11.2.1 不穩(wěn)定條件下的訓練結(jié)果及分析 ···············································.260
11.2.2 穩(wěn)定條件下的訓練結(jié)果及分析 ··················································.263
本章小結(jié) ······························································································.267
本章參考文獻 ························································································.267
第12 章 蒸發(fā)波導環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)庫軟件 ·······························································.268
12.1 軟件設計的總體思路 ······································································.268
12.2 海區(qū)網(wǎng)格選擇功能模塊 ···································································.268
12.3 海區(qū)網(wǎng)格蒸發(fā)波導特性功能模塊 ·······················································.270
12.4 全球蒸發(fā)波導特性功能模塊 ·····························································.272
12.5 西太平洋蒸發(fā)波導特性功能模塊 ·······················································.274
12.6 蒸發(fā)波導剖面預測功能模塊 ·····························································.275
本章小結(jié) ······························································································.276